2.62
ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः सङ्गस्तेषूपजायते ।
सङ्गात्सञ्जायते कामः कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ॥
dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsaḥ saṅgas teṣūpajāyate
saṅgāt sañjāyate kāmaḥ kāmāt krodho 'bhijāyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking.
The verse
In the man who dwells on objects, attachment to them arises; from attachment desire is born, and from desire anger is born.
नेपालीमा
विषयमा ध्यान दिने मानिसमा तिनप्रति आसक्ति उठ्छ। आसक्तिबाट इच्छा जन्मिन्छ, र इच्छाबाट क्रोध जन्मिन्छ।
Where it sits
The portrait turns from the steady man to the man who misses him, by a chain: dwelling, then attachment, then desire, then anger. Nothing here jumps from the object to the rage, because saṅgaḥ (सङ्गः) is the step between, and 2.63 takes the chain on from anger.
Split: ध्यायतः + विषयान् + पुंसः + सङ्गः + तेषु + उपजायते + सङ्गात् + सञ्जायते + कामः + कामात् + क्रोधः + अभिजायते
dhyāyataḥ + viṣayān + puṃsaḥ + saṅgaḥ + teṣu + upajāyate + saṅgāt + sañjāyate + kāmaḥ + kāmāt + krodhaḥ + abhijāyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ध्यायतः | dhyāyataḥ | genitive of the participle dhyāyat (ध्यायत्) | of the one who is dwelling on. From dhyai (ध्यै). |
| विषयान् | viṣayān | accusative plural | objects. |
| पुंसः | puṃsaḥ | genitive of puṃs (पुंस्) | of a man. |
| सङ्गः | saṅgaḥ | nominative | attachment. |
| तेषु | teṣu | locative plural | in them, toward them. |
| उपजायते | upajāyate | present, 3rd singular, middle | arises. From upa-jan (उप-जन्). |
| सङ्गात् | saṅgāt | ablative | from attachment. |
| सञ्जायते | sañjāyate | present, 3rd singular, middle | is born. From sam-jan (सम्-जन्). |
| कामः | kāmaḥ | nominative | desire. |
| कामात् | kāmāt | ablative | from desire. |
| क्रोधः | krodhaḥ | nominative | anger. |
| अभिजायते | abhijāyate | present, 3rd singular, middle | is born. From abhi-jan (अभि-जन्). |
The phrases
dhyāyataḥ viṣayān puṃsaḥ (ध्यायतः विषयान् पुंसः) is the man, in the genitive, with the objects in the accusative because the participle still acts like a verb. Of a man who dwells on objects. विषयान् + पुंसः viṣayān + puṃsaḥ is recited as one run, viṣayānpuṃsaḥ (विषयान्पुंसः).
saṅgaḥ teṣu upajāyate (सङ्गः तेषु उपजायते) is the first birth. Attachment toward them arises. The ḥ (ः) before t (त्) becomes s (स्). तेषु + उपजायते teṣu + upajāyate is teṣūpajāyate (तेषूपजायते): उ + उ u + u becomes ū (ऊ).
saṅgāt sañjāyate kāmaḥ (सङ्गात् सञ्जायते कामः) is the second birth. From attachment, desire is born.
kāmāt krodhaḥ abhijāyate (कामात् क्रोधः अभिजायते) is the third. From desire, anger is born. क्रोधः + अभिजायते krodhaḥ + abhijāyate is krodho 'bhijāyate (क्रोधोऽभिजायते).
Sanskrit in this line
Three verbs, one root. upajāyate (उपजायते), sañjāyate (सञ्जायते), abhijāyate (अभिजायते) are all jan (जन्), "be born," with upa (उप), sam (सम्), and abhi (अभि) on the front. The prefixes do not make three different stories. They make three births in one sequence. The ablative is the parent: from attachment, desire; from desire, anger. Learn the ablative here, because 2.63 is four more of them.
Say it back
The chain, in order, from the dwelling to the anger. If krodhaḥ (क्रोधः) comes straight out of the objects, saṅgaḥ (सङ्गः) was skipped.