3.12
इष्टान्भोगान्हि वो देवा दास्यन्ते यज्ञभाविताः ।
तैर्दत्तानप्रदायैभ्यो यो भुङ्क्ते स्तेन एव सः ॥
iṣṭān bhogān hi vo devā dāsyante yajñabhāvitāḥ
tair dattān apradāyaibhyo yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ
Prajāpati's (प्रजापति) speech continues, with the gift and the theft in the same verse.
The verse
The gods, nourished by sacrifice, will give you the enjoyments you desire; he who enjoys what they give without giving it back is nothing but a thief.
नेपालीमा
यज्ञले पालिएका देवताहरूले तिमीलाई चाहेका भोग दिनेछन्। तिनीहरूले दिएको कुरा फिर्ता नदिई जो भोग्छ, त्यो चोर मात्र हो।
Where it sits
The wheel has a moral: receiving is not the fault, and receiving without the return is. 3.13 will sort eaters by whether they eat the remainder of the sacrifice or cook only for themselves.
Split: इष्टान् + भोगान् + हि + वः + देवाः + दास्यन्ते + यज्ञ-भाविताः + तैः + दत्तान् + अप्रदाय + एभ्यः + यः + भुङ्क्ते + स्तेनः + एव + सः
iṣṭān + bhogān + hi + vaḥ + devāḥ + dāsyante + yajña-bhāvitāḥ + taiḥ + dattān + apradāya + ebhyaḥ + yaḥ + bhuṅkte + stenaḥ + eva + saḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| इष्टान् | iṣṭān | accusative plural | desired. |
| भोगान् | bhogān | accusative plural | enjoyments, things one lives on. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. |
| वः | vaḥ | dative enclitic | to you. |
| देवाः | devāḥ | nominative plural | the gods. |
| दास्यन्ते | dāsyante | future, 3rd plural, middle of dā (दा) | they will give. |
| यज्ञ-भाविताः | yajña-bhāvitāḥ | nominative plural | nourished by sacrifice. Agrees with devāḥ (देवाः). |
| तैः | taiḥ | instrumental plural | by them. |
| दत्तान् | dattān | accusative plural | given. The things given. |
| अप्रदाय | apradāya | gerund, negative | not having given. |
| एभ्यः | ebhyaḥ | dative plural | to these. To the gods. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative | who. |
| भुङ्क्ते | bhuṅkte | present, 3rd singular, middle of bhuj (भुज्) | enjoys, eats. |
| स्तेनः | stenaḥ | nominative | a thief. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed, nothing but. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative | he. |
The phrases
इष्टान् भोगान् हि वः देवा दास्यन्ते यज्ञभाविताः iṣṭān bhogān hi vo devā dāsyante yajñabhāvitāḥ is the return half of 3.11. The gods, fostered by sacrifice, will give you the enjoyments you wanted. devāḥ (देवाः) has again lost its visarga before a voiced consonant: devā dāsyante (देवा दास्यन्ते).
तैर् दत्तान् अप्रदाय एभ्यः tair dattān apradāya ebhyaḥ is the condition of the theft. What was given by them, without having offered it back to them. taiḥ (तैः) before d (द्) is tair (तैर्). अप्रदाय + एभ्यः apradāya + ebhyaḥ is apradāyaibhyaḥ (अप्रदायैभ्यः), अ + ए a + e becoming ai (ऐ).
yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ (यो भुङ्क्ते स्तेन एव सः) is the judgment. Who enjoys that, he is nothing but a thief. yaḥ (यः) before the voiced bh (भ्) is yo (यो). स्तेनः + एव stenaḥ + eva does not merge: the visarga drops and the words sit apart, stena eva (स्तेन एव).
Sanskrit in this line
aḥ (अः) before a vowel other than a (अ) drops the visarga and leaves the short a (अ), with a gap. stenaḥ eva (स्तेनः एव) is recited stena eva (स्तेन एव). It does not become steno 'va (स्तेनो ऽव). That o (ओ) and the avagraha want the next word to begin with a (अ). eva (एव) begins with e (ए).
Say it back
What the gods give, and the name of the man who does not give it back. If stenaḥ (स्तेनः) becomes "a sinner" in general, stay here. The verse has a specific theft.