3.13
यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तो मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषैः ।
भुञ्जते ते त्वघं पापा ये पचन्त्यात्मकारणात् ॥
yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ
bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpā ye pacanty ātmakāraṇāt
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking in his own voice again, the plural you of Prajāpati's speech being over.
The verse
The good, who eat what remains from sacrifice, are freed from every stain; the wicked, who cook for their own sake, eat evil.
नेपालीमा
यज्ञबाट बचेको खाने सज्जनहरू सबै दागबाट मुक्त हुन्छन्। आफ्नै लागि पकाउने पापीहरू पाप खान्छन्।
Where it sits
3.12 called the man who takes without returning a thief, and this verse puts the same split at the plate. Eating the remainder belongs to the sacrifice, and cooking only for oneself feeds him agham (अघम्).
Split: यज्ञ-शिष्ट-अशिनः + सन्तः + मुच्यन्ते + सर्व-किल्बिषैः + भुञ्जते + ते + तु + अघम् + पापाः + ये + पचन्ति + आत्म-कारणात्
yajña-śiṣṭa-aśinaḥ + santaḥ + mucyante + sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ + bhuñjate + te + tu + agham + pāpāḥ + ye + pacanti + ātma-kāraṇāt
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यज्ञ-शिष्ट-अशिनः | yajña-śiṣṭa-aśinaḥ | nominative plural | those who eat what is left of the sacrifice. aśin (अशिन्) is an eater. |
| सन्तः | santaḥ | nominative plural | the good. The participle of as (अस्), used as the name of the worthy. |
| मुच्यन्ते | mucyante | present, 3rd plural, passive of muc (मुच्) | they are freed. |
| सर्व-किल्बिषैः | sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ | instrumental plural | from all stains. |
| भुञ्जते | bhuñjate | present, 3rd plural, middle of bhuj (भुज्) | they eat. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | those. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| अघम् | agham | accusative | evil. |
| पापाः | pāpāḥ | nominative plural | the wicked. |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. |
| पचन्ति | pacanti | present, 3rd plural of pac (पच्) | they cook. |
| आत्म-कारणात् | ātma-kāraṇāt | ablative | for their own sake, from the cause of themselves. |
The phrases
yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santaḥ mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ (यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तः मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषैः) is the first eater. The good, who eat the remainder of the sacrifice, are released from every stain. santaḥ (सन्तः) before m (म्) is santo (सन्तो).
भुञ्जते ते तु अघम् पापाः bhuñjate te tv agham pāpāḥ is the other eater's meal. But those wicked ones eat evil. तु + अघम् tu + agham is tv agham (त्वघम्). pāpāḥ (पापाः) before ye (ये) loses its visarga: pāpā ye (पापा ये).
ye pacanti ātmakāraṇāt (ये पचन्ति आत्मकारणात्) says why their meal is evil. Who cook for their own sake. इ + आ i + ā has made pacanty ātmakāraṇāt (पचन्त्यात्मकारणात्). The cooking is not the fault. The reason for the cooking is.
Sanskrit in this line
yajña-śiṣṭa-aśin (यज्ञ-शिष्ट-अशिन्) is three stems in one noun. yajña (यज्ञ) is the sacrifice, śiṣṭa (शिष्ट) is what is left, aśin (अशिन्) is the eater. The last member takes the case: nominative plural aśinaḥ (अशिनः). आ + आ ā + ā inside शिष्ट + अशिन् śiṣṭa + aśin is not what happens. śiṣṭa (शिष्ट) ends in a (अ), and अ + अ a + a with the a (अ) of aśin (अशिन्) lengthens: śiṣṭāśin (शिष्टाशिन्).
Say it back
Two kinds of eaters, and what each one is eating. If both are "food," the verse is gone. One eats the remainder. The other eats agham (अघम्).