3.14
अन्नाद्भवन्ति भूतानि पर्जन्यादन्नसम्भवः ।
यज्ञाद्भवति पर्जन्यो यज्ञः कर्मसमुद्भवः ॥
annād bhavanti bhūtāni parjanyād annasambhavaḥ
yajñād bhavati parjanyo yajñaḥ karmasamudbhavaḥ
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking, and he sets the links in a chain.
The verse
From food, beings arise; from rain, food arises; from sacrifice, rain arises; and sacrifice arises from action.
नेपालीमा
अन्नबाट प्राणीहरू जन्मन्छन्, वर्षाबाट अन्न हुन्छ, यज्ञबाट वर्षा हुन्छ, र यज्ञ कर्मबाट हुन्छ।
Where it sits
The exchange of 3.11 is now a circuit you can walk: food, beings, rain, sacrifice, action. 3.15 will say where action itself comes from, and 3.16 will call the circuit a wheel.
Split: अन्नात् + भवन्ति + भूतानि + पर्जन्यात् + अन्न-सम्भवः + यज्ञात् + भवति + पर्जन्यः + यज्ञः + कर्म-समुद्भवः
annāt + bhavanti + bhūtāni + parjanyāt + anna-sambhavaḥ + yajñāt + bhavati + parjanyaḥ + yajñaḥ + karma-samudbhavaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अन्नात् | annāt | ablative | from food. |
| भवन्ति | bhavanti | present, 3rd plural | come to be. |
| भूतानि | bhūtāni | nominative plural | beings. |
| पर्जन्यात् | parjanyāt | ablative | from rain, from the rain-cloud. |
| अन्न-सम्भवः | anna-sambhavaḥ | nominative | the arising of food. |
| यज्ञात् | yajñāt | ablative | from sacrifice. |
| भवति | bhavati | present, 3rd singular | comes to be. |
| पर्जन्यः | parjanyaḥ | nominative | rain. |
| यज्ञः | yajñaḥ | nominative | sacrifice. |
| कर्म-समुद्भवः | karma-samudbhavaḥ | nominative | what arises from action. Sacrifice has its arising in action. |
The phrases
अन्नात् भवन्ति भूतानि annād bhavanti bhūtāni is the first link. From food, beings. The t (त्) of annāt (अन्नात्) has voiced before bh (भ्): annād bhavanti (अन्नाद्भवन्ति).
पर्जन्यात् अन्नसम्भवः parjanyād annasambhavaḥ is the second. From rain, food comes to be. Same voicing before the vowel: parjanyād anna (पर्जन्यादन्न).
यज्ञात् भवति पर्जन्यः यज्ञः कर्मसमुद्भवः yajñād bhavati parjanyaḥ yajñaḥ karmasamudbhavaḥ closes the chain and turns it. From sacrifice, rain. Sacrifice arises from action. पर्जन्यः + यज्ञः parjanyaḥ + yajñaḥ is parjanyo yajñaḥ (पर्जन्यो यज्ञः).
Sanskrit in this line
aḥ (अः) before a voiced y (य्) becomes o (ओ). parjanyaḥ yajñaḥ (पर्जन्यः यज्ञः) is recited parjanyo yajñaḥ (पर्जन्यो यज्ञः). The sacrifice is the next link, not a new sentence's surprise. The o (ओ) is the join between rain and sacrifice.
Say it back
Walk the four links in order, aloud. If you start from action and cannot get back to beings, the circuit is not yet a circuit.