3.39
आवृतं ज्ञानमेतेन ज्ञानिनो नित्यवैरिणा ।
कामरूपेण कौन्तेय दुष्पूरेणानलेन च ॥
āvṛtaṃ jñānam etena jñānino nityavairiṇā
kāmarūpeṇa kaunteya duṣpūreṇānalena ca
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking, and idam (इदम्) from 3.38 is named.
The verse
Knowledge is covered, son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), by this constant enemy of the knower, whose form is desire, a fire hard to fill.
नेपालीमा
हे कुन्तीका छोरा, ज्ञानीको यो नित्य शत्रुले ज्ञानलाई ढाकेको छ, जसको रूप चाहना हो र जो भर्न गाह्रो आगो हो।
Where it sits
The smoke, the dust, and the membrane covered fire, mirror, and embryo, and the thing covered in him is knowledge. Desire is that cover, and 3.40 will say where the enemy sits.
Split: आवृतम् + ज्ञानम् + एतेन + ज्ञानिनः + नित्य-वैरिणा + काम-रूपेण + कौन्तेय + दुस्-पूरेण + अनलेन + च
āvṛtam + jñānam + etena + jñāninaḥ + nitya-vairiṇā + kāma-rūpeṇa + kaunteya + dus-pūreṇa + analena + ca
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| आवृतम् | āvṛtam | nominative neuter | covered. |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | nominative neuter | knowledge. |
| एतेन | etena | instrumental | by this. |
| ज्ञानिनः | jñāninaḥ | genitive | of the knower. |
| नित्य-वैरिणा | nitya-vairiṇā | instrumental | by the constant enemy. |
| काम-रूपेण | kāma-rūpeṇa | instrumental | by that whose form is desire. |
| कौन्तेय | kaunteya | vocative | son of Kuntī (कुन्ती). |
| दुस्-पूरेण | dus-pūreṇa | instrumental | by what is hard to fill. Recited duṣpūreṇa (दुष्पूरेण), s (स्) before p (प्) becoming ṣ (ष्). |
| अनलेन | analena | instrumental | by fire. anala (अनल) is fire. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
The phrases
आवृतम् ज्ञानम् एतेन āvṛtaṃ jñānam etena is the naming 3.38 withheld. Knowledge is covered by this. ज्ञानम् + एतेन jñānam + etena is jñānam etena (ज्ञानमेतेन).
jñāninaḥ nityavairiṇā kāmarūpeṇa (ज्ञानिनः नित्यवैरिणा कामरूपेण) says whose enemy, and what it looks like. By the constant enemy of the knower, the one whose form is desire.
kaunteya duṣpūreṇa analena ca (कौन्तेय दुष्पूरेण अनलेन च) adds the likeness that matches mahāśanaḥ (महाशनः) in 3.37. And by a fire hard to fill. दुष्पूरेण + अनलेन duṣpūreṇa + analena is duṣpūreṇānalena (दुष्पूरेणानलेन). Every instrumental after etena (एतेन) is the same cover, described again.
Sanskrit in this line
etena (एतेन), nityavairiṇā (नित्यवैरिणा), kāmarūpeṇa (कामरूपेण), duṣpūreṇa (दुष्पूरेण), and analena (अनलेन) are one instrumental chain. They do not introduce five agents. They redescribe one. The enemy, desire-shaped, hard to fill, a fire. If a new nominative sneaks into the gloss, the chain has been broken.
Say it back
What is covered, and by what. If jñānam (ज्ञानम्) is replaced by "the person," the verse has moved house. The person is the knower. The covered thing is his knowledge.