4.2
एवं परम्पराप्राप्तमिमं राजर्षयो विदुः ।
स कालेनेह महता योगो नष्टः परन्तप ॥
evaṃ paramparāprāptam imaṃ rājarṣayo viduḥ
sa kālena iha mahatā yogo naṣṭaḥ parantapa
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna.
The verse
The royal seers knew this yoga, received in succession, and by a long time it was lost here, scorcher of the foe.
नेपालीमा
राजर्षिहरूले परम्पराबाट पाएको यो योग जानेका थिए। धेरै समय बित्दा यो यहाँ हरायो, हे शत्रुलाई पोल्ने।
Where it sits
4.1 built the line, and this verse breaks it: the yoga Arjuna is about to hear is the same one, after the succession failed. The next verse will say why it is being said again, and to whom.
Split: एवम् + परम्परा-प्राप्तम् + इमम् + राज-ऋषयः + विदुः + सः + कालेन + इह + महता + योगः + नष्टः + परन्तप
evam + paramparā-prāptam + imam + rāja-ṛṣayaḥ + viduḥ + saḥ + kālena + iha + mahatā + yogaḥ + naṣṭaḥ + parantapa
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus. In the way 4.1 just said. |
| परम्परा-प्राप्तम् | paramparā-prāptam | accusative singular | received in succession. paramparā (परम्परा) is the line from one to the next. prāpta (प्राप्त) is "reached, received." |
| इमम् | imam | accusative singular | this. The same yoga. |
| राज-ऋषयः | rāja-ṛṣayaḥ | nominative plural | the royal seers. rāja (राज) plus ṛṣi (ऋषि). |
| विदुः | viduḥ | perfect, 3rd plural | they knew. From vid (विद्). |
| सः | saḥ | nominative | that. Points ahead to yogaḥ (योगः). |
| कालेन | kālena | instrumental singular | by time. |
| इह | iha | indeclinable | here. In this world. |
| महता | mahatā | instrumental singular | by a great one. Agrees with kālena (कालेन). |
| योगः | yogaḥ | nominative | the yoga. |
| नष्टः | naṣṭaḥ | nominative | lost, perished. From naś (नश्). |
| परन्तप | parantapa | vocative | scorcher of the foe. para (पर) is the foe, tapa (तप) the scorching. Arjuna. |
The phrases
एवं परम्पराप्राप्तम् इमम् राजर्षयः विदुः evaṃ paramparāprāptam imaṃ rājarṣayaḥ viduḥ is who still had it. The royal seers knew this yoga, received the way 4.1 described. अ + ऋ a + ṛ inside the compound is ar (अर्): rājarṣayaḥ (राजर्षयः). Before the voiced v (व्) of viduḥ (विदुः), aḥ (अः) becomes o (ओ): rājarṣayo viduḥ (राजर्षयो विदुः).
saḥ kālena iha mahatā yogaḥ naṣṭaḥ (सः कालेन इह महता योगः नष्टः) is the loss. That yoga was lost here by a long time. kālena (कालेन) and mahatā (महता) are both instrumental. One is the means, the other describes it. अ + इ a + i joins kālena (कालेन) and iha (इह) into kāleneha (कालेनेह). yogaḥ naṣṭaḥ (योगः नष्टः) is recited yogo naṣṭaḥ (योगो नष्टः).
parantapa (परन्तप) is Arjuna, named by what a fighter does. The vocative does not change the grammar of naṣṭaḥ (नष्टः).
Sanskrit in this line
aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant becomes o (ओ). rājarṣayaḥ viduḥ (राजर्षयः विदुः) is rājarṣayo viduḥ (राजर्षयो विदुः), and yogaḥ naṣṭaḥ (योगः नष्टः) is yogo naṣṭaḥ (योगो नष्टः). The pronoun saḥ (सः) is the exception in this same verse. Before a consonant it is recited sa (स), not so (सो). sa kālena (स कालेन) is saḥ kālena (सः कालेन).
Say it back
Who knew it, and what time did to it. If naṣṭaḥ (नष्टः) comes out as "hidden for a while," stay here. The verse says it was lost.