4.10
वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः ।
बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः ॥
vītarāgabhayakrodhā manmayā mām upāśritāḥ
bahavo jñānatapasā pūtā madbhāvam āgatāḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna.
The verse
Many, freed of passion, fear, and anger, full of me and taken refuge in me, cleansed by the austerity of knowledge, have come to my state.
नेपालीमा
राग, भय र क्रोधबाट मुक्त, ममै लीन भएका र ममा शरण लिएका धेरै जना ज्ञानको तपले शुद्ध भएर मेरो अवस्थामा आएका छन्।
Where it sits
4.9 said the one who knows does not take another birth and comes to him, and this verse says that has already happened to many, and names their shape. The old teaching closes on them, and 4.11 will turn to how anyone comes.
Split: वीत-राग-भय-क्रोधाः + मत्-मयाः + माम् + उपाश्रिताः + बहवः + ज्ञान-तपसा + पूताः + मत्-भावम् + आगताः
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ + mat-mayāḥ + mām + upāśritāḥ + bahavaḥ + jñāna-tapasā + pūtāḥ + mat-bhāvam + āgatāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| वीत-राग-भय-क्रोधाः | vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those from whom passion, fear, and anger have gone. vīta (वीत) is "departed." The plural names the people, not the passions. |
| मत्-मयाः | mat-mayāḥ | nominative plural | made of me, full of me. The suffix --maya (मय) means "consisting of." |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. Object of upāśritāḥ (उपाश्रिताः). |
| उपाश्रिताः | upāśritāḥ | nominative plural | having taken refuge. From upa-ā-śri (उप-आ-श्रि). |
| बहवः | bahavaḥ | nominative plural | many. |
| ज्ञान-तपसा | jñāna-tapasā | instrumental singular | by the austerity of knowledge. tapas (तपस्) is heat, the work of practice. |
| पूताः | pūtāḥ | nominative plural | cleansed. |
| मत्-भावम् | mat-bhāvam | accusative | my state, my being. mat (मत्) before bh (भ्) is recited mad (मद्). |
| आगताः | āgatāḥ | nominative plural | arrived, come to. |
The phrases
वीतरागभयक्रोधाः मन्मयाः माम् उपाश्रिताः vītarāgabhayakrodhāḥ manmayāḥ mām upāśritāḥ describes them before the sentence says there were many. Passion, fear, and anger gone; full of me; taken refuge in me. āḥ (आः) before a voiced consonant drops its visarga and leaves ā (आ): krodhā manmayā (क्रोधा मन्मया), and manmayā mām (मन्मया माम्). Then माम् उपाश्रिताः mām upāśritāḥ is mām upāśritāḥ (मामुपाश्रिताः).
बहवः ज्ञानतपसा पूताः मद्भावम् आगताः bahavaḥ jñānatapasā pūtāḥ madbhāvam āgatāḥ is the statement. Many, cleansed by the austerity of knowledge, have come to my state. bahavaḥ jñāna (बहवः ज्ञान) is bahavo jñāna (बहवो ज्ञान). पूताः before m (म्) is pūtā (पूता). मद्भावम् आगताः madbhāvam āgatāḥ is madbhāvam āgatāḥ (मद्भावमागताः).
Sanskrit in this line
vītarāgabhayakrodhāḥ (वीतरागभयक्रोधाः) is a bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि). The last member looks like krodha (क्रोध), "anger," but the nominative plural refers to people: those whose anger, along with passion and fear, has departed. If you translate the compound as a list of feelings, you have lost the subject of āgatāḥ (आगताः).
Say it back
What has left them, what they have come to. If the compound is recited as three emotions standing by themselves, stay here. The plural is the people.