4.25
दैवमेवापरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते ।
ब्रह्माग्नावपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति ॥
daivam evāpare yajñaṃ yoginaḥ paryupāsate
brahmāgnāv apare yajñaṃ yajñenaivopajuhvati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna.
The verse
Some yogins attend only the sacrifice to the gods; others offer the sacrifice into the fire of Brahman by sacrifice itself.
नेपालीमा
कतिपय योगीहरू केवल देवताको यज्ञमा लाग्छन्। अरूहरू यज्ञले नै यज्ञलाई ब्रह्मको आगोमा चढाउँछन्।
Where it sits
4.24 made one sacrifice into Brahman (ब्रह्म), and this verse starts the list: some attend the sacrifice to the gods, others offer sacrifice into the fire of Brahman (ब्रह्म) by sacrifice itself. The list will move inward, to senses, breaths, goods, and vows.
Split: दैवम् + एव + अपरे + यज्ञम् + योगिनः + पर्युपासते + ब्रह्म-अग्नौ + अपरे + यज्ञम् + यज्ञेन + एव + उपजुह्वति
daivam + eva + apare + yajñam + yoginaḥ + paryupāsate + brahma-agnau + apare + yajñam + yajñena + eva + upajuhvati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| दैवम् | daivam | accusative neuter | belonging to the gods. Agrees with yajñam (यज्ञम्). |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | only, just. |
| अपरे | apare | nominative plural | others. Some people, as against the next apare (अपरे). |
| यज्ञम् | yajñam | accusative | sacrifice. |
| योगिनः | yoginaḥ | nominative plural | yogins. |
| पर्युपासते | paryupāsate | present, 3rd plural, middle | they attend, they worship. From pari-upa-ās (परि-उप-आस्). |
| ब्रह्म-अग्नौ | brahma-agnau | locative singular | in the fire of Brahman. The same fire as 4.24. |
| अपरे | apare | nominative plural | others. A second group. |
| यज्ञम् | yajñam | accusative | sacrifice. |
| यज्ञेन | yajñena | instrumental | by sacrifice. The means. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | itself. |
| उपजुह्वति | upajuhvati | present, 3rd plural | they offer. From upa-hu (उप-हु). |
The phrases
दैवम् एव अपरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते daivam eva apare yajñam yoginaḥ paryupāsate is the first group. Some yogins attend only the sacrifice to the gods. दैवम् एव अपरे daivam eva apare is daivam evāpare (दैवमेवापरे).
ब्रह्माग्नौ अपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेन एव उपजुह्वति brahmāgnau apare yajñam yajñena eva upajuhvati is the second group. Others offer the sacrifice into the fire of Brahman by means of sacrifice itself. brahmāgnau apare (ब्रह्माग्नौ अपरे) is brahmāgnāv apare (ब्रह्माग्नावपरे), because औ + अ au + a becomes आव āv. yajñena eva upajuhvati (यज्ञेन एव उपजुह्वति) is yajñenaivopajuhvati (यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति).
Sanskrit in this line
yajñenaivopajuhvati (यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति) is three words. यज्ञेन + एव yajñena + eva becomes yajñenaiva (यज्ञेनैव), because अ + ए a + e is ai (ऐ). Then एव + उप eva + upa becomes evo (एवो), because अ + उ a + u is o (ओ). Undo both before you parse. The instrumental yajñena (यज्ञेन) is the means, and upajuhvati (उपजुह्वति) is the verb.
Say it back
The two groups, and what each offers into. If the second apare (अपरे) is dropped, the verse has only one kind of sacrificer.