5.3
ज्ञेयः स नित्यसंन्यासी यो न द्वेष्टि न काङ्क्षति ।
निर्द्वन्द्वो हि महाबाहो सुखं बन्धात्प्रमुच्यते ॥
jñeyaḥ sa nityasaṃnyāsī yo na dveṣṭi na kāṅkṣati
nirdvandvo hi mahābāho sukhaṃ bandhāt pramucyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. He keeps the word saṃnyāsa (संन्यास), and he moves it off the man who has put the tools down.
The verse
He is to be known as a constant renouncer who does not hate and does not long, for the man free of the pairs, mighty-armed, is easily released from bondage.
नेपालीमा
जसले घृणा गर्दैन र चाहना गर्दैन, त्यसलाई नित्य संन्यासी भनी जान्नुपर्छ। विपरीत जोडीहरूबाट मुक्त मानिस, हे ठूला पाखुरा भएका, बन्धनबाट सजिलै छुट्छ।
Where it sits
5.2 ranked the yoga of action above the dropping of action. This verse says what the renouncer actually is. He is marked by the absence of hate and of longing, which is a mark a man can carry while he is still acting.
Split: ज्ञेयः + सः + नित्य-संन्यासी + यः + न + द्वेष्टि + न + काङ्क्षति + निर्द्वन्द्वः + हि + महा-बाहो + सुखम् + बन्धात् + प्रमुच्यते
jñeyaḥ + saḥ + nitya-saṃnyāsī + yaḥ + na + dveṣṭi + na + kāṅkṣati + nirdvandvaḥ + hi + mahā-bāho + sukham + bandhāt + pramucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ज्ञेयः | jñeyaḥ | nominative singular, gerundive of jñā (ज्ञा) | to be known. He is to be known as. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. |
| नित्य-संन्यासी | nitya-saṃnyāsī | nominative singular of saṃnyāsin (संन्यासिन्) | a constant renouncer. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| द्वेष्टि | dveṣṭi | present, 3rd singular of dviṣ (द्विष्) | he hates. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| काङ्क्षति | kāṅkṣati | present, 3rd singular of kāṅkṣ (काङ्क्ष्) | he longs for. |
| निर्द्वन्द्वः | nirdvandvaḥ | nominative singular | free of the pairs. dvandva (द्वन्द्व) is a pair of opposites. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. |
| महा-बाहो | mahā-bāho | vocative of mahā-bāhu (महा-बाहु) | mighty-armed. |
| सुखम् | sukham | accusative singular, adverbial | easily. |
| बन्धात् | bandhāt | ablative singular | from bondage. |
| प्रमुच्यते | pramucyate | present, 3rd singular of pra-muc (प्र-मुच्) | is released. |
The phrases
jñeyaḥ saḥ nityasaṃnyāsī (ज्ञेयः सः नित्यसंन्यासी) sets the title on a person. "He is to be known as a constant renouncer." The yaḥ (यः) clause tells you which he: the one who does not hate and does not long.
nirdvandvaḥ (निर्द्वन्द्वः) is that same man, named by what he is free of. Hate and longing are a pair. Without them he is outside the pairs. hi (हि) makes this the reason he is released.
sukham bandhāt pramucyate (सुखम् बन्धात् प्रमुच्यते) is the release. sukham (सुखम्) is doing the work of an adverb, "easily." bandhāt (बन्धात्) is "from bondage." mahābāho (महाबाहो) is Arjuna (अर्जुन), addressed and not part of the grammar of the release.
सः before nitya (नित्य) is recited sa (स), with the visarga gone. yaḥ na (यः न) is recited yo na (यो न). nirdvandvaḥ hi (निर्द्वन्द्वः हि) is recited nirdvandvo hi (निर्द्वन्द्वो हि).
Sanskrit in this line
saḥ (सः) before a consonant drops its visarga and stays sa (स). It does not become so (सो). That change to o (ओ) is the ordinary rule, and yaḥ na (यः न) follows it: yo na (यो न). The pronoun saḥ (सः), and eṣaḥ (एषः) with it, is the exception. jñeyaḥ sa nityasaṃnyāsī (ज्ञेयः स नित्यसंन्यासी) is the recited line. If you hear so (सो) there, you have applied the ordinary rule to the one word that refuses it.
Say it back
Name the renouncer by the two things he does not do. If nityasaṃnyāsī (नित्यसंन्यासी) comes out as "a man who has quit his work," stay here.