5.6
संन्यासस्तु महाबाहो दुःखमाप्तुमयोगतः ।
योगयुक्तो मुनिर्ब्रह्म नचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥
saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ
yogayukto munir brahma na cireṇādhigacchati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. He turns back to the renunciation Arjuna (अर्जुन) asked about, and he says what it costs if yoga is missing.
The verse
But renunciation is hard to reach without yoga, mighty-armed, while the sage yoked to yoga reaches brahman before long.
नेपालीमा
तर योगबिना संन्यासमा पुग्न गाह्रो छ, हे ठूला पाखुरा भएका। योगमा युक्त मुनि धेरै बेर नलाग्दै ब्रह्ममा पुग्छ।
Where it sits
This is why 5.2 put the yoga of action ahead. The renunciation Arjuna (अर्जुन) was ready to choose is a real end, and without yoga it is a hard thing to arrive at. The man who stays yoked arrives.
Split: संन्यासः + तु + महा-बाहो + दुःखम् + आप्तुम् + अ-योगतः + योग-युक्तः + मुनिः + ब्रह्म + न + चिरेण + अधिगच्छति
saṃnyāsaḥ + tu + mahā-bāho + duḥkham + āptum + a-yogataḥ + yoga-yuktaḥ + muniḥ + brahma + na + cireṇa + adhigacchati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| संन्यासः | saṃnyāsaḥ | nominative singular | renunciation. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| महा-बाहो | mahā-bāho | vocative | mighty-armed. |
| दुःखम् | duḥkham | accusative singular, adverbial | hard. With pain. |
| आप्तुम् | āptum | infinitive of āp (आप्) | to reach. |
| अ-योगतः | a-yogataḥ | indeclinable, from ayoga (अयोग) | without yoga. From the side where yoga is absent. |
| योग-युक्तः | yoga-yuktaḥ | nominative singular | yoked to yoga. |
| मुनिः | muniḥ | nominative singular | the sage. |
| ब्रह्म | brahma | accusative of brahman (ब्रह्मन्) | brahman. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| चिरेण | cireṇa | instrumental of cira (चिर) | by a long time. |
| अधिगच्छति | adhigacchati | present, 3rd singular of adhi-gam (अधि-गम्) | he reaches. |
The phrases
संन्यासः तु दुःखम् आप्तुम् अयोगतः saṃnyāsaḥ tu duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ is the warning. Renunciation is hard to reach when yoga is not there. duḥkham (दुःखम्) modifies the infinitive. It is not a thing he obtains. The thing that is hard to obtain is saṃnyāsaḥ (संन्यासः) itself.
yogayuktaḥ muniḥ (योगयुक्तः मुनिः) is the other man. brahma adhigacchati (ब्रह्म अधिगच्छति) is what he does: he reaches brahman. na cireṇa (न चिरेण) is "not by a long time," so the reaching is soon.
saṃnyāsaḥ tu (संन्यासः तु) is recited saṃnyāsas tu (संन्यासस्तु). yogayuktaḥ muniḥ brahma (योगयुक्तः मुनिः ब्रह्म) is recited yogayukto munir brahma (योगयुक्तो मुनिर्ब्रह्म). cireṇa adhigacchati (चिरेण अधिगच्छति) is recited cireṇādhigacchati (चिरेणाधिगच्छति).
Sanskrit in this line
āptum (आप्तुम्) is an infinitive. The ending --tum (तुम्) means "to do" this verb, and it does not show person. duḥkham (दुःखम्) beside an infinitive means the doing is hard. So दुःखम् आप्तुम् duḥkham āptum is "hard to reach," and the subject saṃnyāsaḥ (संन्यासः) is the thing that is hard to reach. na cireṇa (न चिरेण) is the instrumental of time, negated: a long time is not what the reaching takes.
Say it back
Say which man reaches brahman soon, and what is missing when renunciation is hard. If ayogataḥ (अयोगतः) drops out, the verse no longer explains 5.2.