5.16
ज्ञानेन तु तदज्ञानं येषां नाशितमात्मनः ।
तेषामादित्यवज्ज्ञानं प्रकाशयति तत्परम् ॥
jñānena tu tad ajñānaṃ yeṣāṃ nāśitam ātmanaḥ
teṣām ādityavaj jñānaṃ prakāśayati tat param
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The covering of 5.15 is now destroyed, for some, and their knowledge lights the highest.
The verse
But for those whose ignorance of the self is destroyed by knowledge, their knowledge, like the sun, lights up that highest.
नेपालीमा
तर जसको आत्माको अज्ञान ज्ञानले नाश भएको छ, तिनीहरूको ज्ञान सूर्यजस्तै त्यो परमलाई उज्यालो पार्छ।
Where it sits
5.15 left born beings confused because knowledge was covered. This verse is the uncovering, and it is only for those whose ignorance of the self has been destroyed. The next verse will say where such people go.
Split: ज्ञानेन + तु + तत् + अज्ञानम् + येषाम् + नाशितम् + आत्मनः + तेषाम् + आदित्य-वत् + ज्ञानम् + प्रकाशयति + तत् + परम्
jñānena + tu + tat + ajñānam + yeṣām + nāśitam + ātmanaḥ + teṣām + āditya-vat + jñānam + prakāśayati + tat + param
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ज्ञानेन | jñānena | instrumental singular | by knowledge. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular | that. |
| अज्ञानम् | ajñānam | nominative singular | ignorance. |
| येषाम् | yeṣām | genitive plural | of whom. |
| नाशितम् | nāśitam | nominative singular | destroyed. |
| आत्मनः | ātmanaḥ | genitive singular of ātman (आत्मन्) | of the self. |
| तेषाम् | teṣām | genitive plural | of them. |
| आदित्य-वत् | āditya-vat | indeclinable | like the sun. |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | nominative singular | knowledge. |
| प्रकाशयति | prakāśayati | present causative, 3rd singular of pra-kāś (प्र-काश्) | it lights up. It makes bright. |
| तत् | tat | accusative singular | that. |
| परम् | param | accusative singular | the highest. |
The phrases
ज्ञानेन तु तत् अज्ञानम् येषाम् नाशितम् आत्मनः jñānena tu tat ajñānam yeṣām nāśitam ātmanaḥ is the relative clause. "But those whose ignorance of the self has been destroyed by knowledge." nāśitam (नाशितम्) agrees with ajñānam (अज्ञानम्). ātmanaḥ (आत्मनः) says which ignorance: ignorance of the self. yeṣām (येषाम्) waits for teṣām (तेषाम्).
तेषाम् ज्ञानम् आदित्यवत् प्रकाशयति तत् परम् teṣām jñānam ādityavat prakāśayati tat param is the main clause. Their knowledge, like the sun, lights up that highest. The sun is the manner. The highest is the object.
तत् अज्ञानम् tat ajñānam is recited tad ajñānam (तदज्ञानम्). ādityavat jñānam (आदित्यवत् ज्ञानम्) is recited ādityavajjñānam (आदित्यवज्ज्ञानम्). The t (त्) of --vat (वत्) is lost into the ज्ञ jñ.
Sanskrit in this line
--vat (वत्) means "like." ādityavat (आदित्यवत्) is "like the sun," āditya (आदित्य) being the sun. Before jñānam (ज्ञानम्) the t (त्) becomes j (ज्) and disappears into the cluster: ādityavajjñānam (आदित्यवज्ज्ञानम्). Split it back to āditya-vat (आदित्य-वत्). If the "like" is not restored, the sun has been swallowed by the word "knowledge," and the manner of the lighting is gone.
Say it back
Say whose ignorance is destroyed, and what the knowledge does. If ādityavat (आदित्यवत्) is missing, stay here.