5.17
तद्बुद्धयस्तदात्मानस्तन्निष्ठास्तत्परायणाः ।
गच्छन्त्यपुनरावृत्तिं ज्ञाननिर्धूतकल्मषाः ॥
tadbuddhayas tadātmānas tanniṣṭhās tatparāyaṇāḥ
gacchanty apunarāvṛttiṃ jñānanirdhūtakalmaṣāḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The people of 5.16, whose knowledge lights the highest, are now described by four compounds that all begin with tat (तत्).
The verse
Those whose intellect, self, stance, and last resort are That go to the not-returning, their stains shaken off by knowledge.
नेपालीमा
जसका बुद्धि, आत्मा, अडान र अन्तिम आश्रय त्यही हुन्, ज्ञानले दाग झारेका तिनीहरू नफर्कनेतिर जान्छन्।
Where it sits
5.16 lit the highest for them. This verse sends them. The place is named by what does not happen there: they do not come back. The four compounds say the whole person was already turned that way before the going.
Split: तत्-बुद्धयः + तत्-आत्मानः + तत्-निष्ठाः + तत्-परायणाः + गच्छन्ति + अ-पुनर्-आवृत्तिम् + ज्ञान-निर्धूत-कल्मषाः
tat-buddhayaḥ + tat-ātmānaḥ + tat-niṣṭhāḥ + tat-parāyaṇāḥ + gacchanti + a-punar-āvṛttim + jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तत्-बुद्धयः | tat-buddhayaḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those whose intellect is That. |
| तत्-आत्मानः | tat-ātmānaḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those whose self is That. |
| तत्-निष्ठाः | tat-niṣṭhāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those whose stance is That. |
| तत्-परायणाः | tat-parāyaṇāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those whose last resort is That. |
| गच्छन्ति | gacchanti | present, 3rd plural | they go. |
| अ-पुनर्-आवृत्तिम् | a-punar-āvṛttim | accusative singular | the not-coming-back-again. |
| ज्ञान-निर्धूत-कल्मषाः | jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those whose stains are shaken off by knowledge. |
The phrases
Four plurals, and each one is a bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) opening with tat (तत्), "That." Intellect, self, stance, last resort: all of them are set on That. They are the subject of gacchanti (गच्छन्ति).
apunarāvṛttim (अपुनरावृत्तिम्) is where they go. āvṛtti (आवृत्ति) is a return. punar (पुनर्) is "again." The prefix a (अ) cancels it. The not-returning-again. jñānanirdhūtakalmaṣāḥ (ज्ञाननिर्धूतकल्मषाः) adds what knowledge has already done to them: the stains are shaken off.
The recited first line is one chain: तद्बुद्धयः तदात्मानः तन्निष्ठाः तत्परायणाः tadbuddhayas tadātmānas tanniṣṭhās tatparāyaṇāḥ. gacchanti apunarāvṛttim (गच्छन्ति अपुनरावृत्तिम्) is recited gacchanty apunarāvṛttim (गच्छन्त्यपुनरावृत्तिम्).
Sanskrit in this line
tat (तत्) stands at the front of four compounds, and the t (त्) takes the shape of whatever follows. Before b (ब्) it voices to d (द्): tadbuddhayaḥ (तद्बुद्धयः). Before ā (आ) it voices the same way: tadātmānaḥ (तदात्मानः). Before n (न्) it becomes n (न्): tanniṣṭhāḥ (तन्निष्ठाः). Before p (प्), a voiceless consonant, it stays t (त्): tatparāyaṇāḥ (तत्परायणाः). One pronoun, four faces. Split every one of them back to tat (तत्).
Say it back
Say the four compounds as four, then where they go. If tat (तत्) is pronounced the same in all four recited words, the sandhi has been ignored. Stay here.