5.22
ये हि संस्पर्शजा भोगा दुःखयोनय एव ते ।
आद्यन्तवन्तः कौन्तेय न तेषु रमते बुधः ॥
ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkhayonaya eva te
ādyantavantaḥ kaunteya na teṣu ramate budhaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. He turns to Arjuna (अर्जुन) by his mother's name and says what the enjoyments born of contact actually are.
The verse
For the enjoyments born of contact are only wombs of suffering, they have a beginning and an end, son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), and the wise one does not delight in them.
नेपालीमा
स्पर्शबाट जन्मेका भोग दुःखका गर्भ मात्र हुन्, तिनीहरूको सुरु र अन्त्य छ, हे कुन्तीका छोरा, र बुद्धिमान् तिनीहरूमा रमाउँदैन।
Where it sits
5.21 put happiness in the self and left the outer contacts. This verse says why the wise one does not go back to those contacts for delight. What is born from them ends, and its womb is suffering. The address kaunteya (कौन्तेय) puts that in front of the man who still has a war to stand in.
Split: ये + हि + सम्-स्पर्श-जाः + भोगाः + दुःख-योनयः + एव + ते + आदि-अन्त-वन्तः + कौन्तेय + न + तेषु + रमते + बुधः
ye + hi + sam-sparśa-jāḥ + bhogāḥ + duḥkha-yonayaḥ + eva + te + ādi-anta-vantaḥ + kaunteya + na + teṣu + ramate + budhaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ये | ye | nominative plural | which. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. |
| सम्-स्पर्श-जाः | sam-sparśa-jāḥ | nominative plural | born of contact. |
| भोगाः | bhogāḥ | nominative plural | enjoyments. |
| दुःख-योनयः | duḥkha-yonayaḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | things that have suffering for their womb. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | only. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. |
| आदि-अन्त-वन्तः | ādi-anta-vantaḥ | nominative plural | having a beginning and an end. |
| कौन्तेय | kaunteya | vocative | son of Kuntī (कुन्ती). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| तेषु | teṣu | locative plural | in them. |
| रमते | ramate | present, 3rd singular of ram (रम्) | he delights. |
| बुधः | budhaḥ | nominative singular | the awake one. The wise. |
The phrases
ye hi saṃsparśajāḥ bhogāḥ (ये हि संस्पर्शजाः भोगाः) points at the enjoyments that are born when contact happens. duḥkhayonayaḥ eva te (दुःखयोनयः एव ते) says what they are: only wombs of suffering. ye (ये) and te (ते) are the relative and its answer.
आदिअन्तवन्तः ādyantavantaḥ is the second thing about them. They begin and they end. kaunteya (कौन्तेय) is the address, set in the middle of the line. na teṣu ramate budhaḥ (न तेषु रमते बुधः) is the conclusion. The wise one does not delight in them.
The visarga of jāḥ (जाः), of bhogāḥ (भोगाः), and of yonayaḥ (योनयः) is dropped in the recited line, because each stands before a voiced sound: saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkhayonaya eva (संस्पर्शजा भोगा दुःखयोनय एव).
Sanskrit in this line
āḥ (आः) before a voiced consonant drops the visarga and leaves ā (आ). bhogāḥ duḥkha (भोगाः दुःख) is recited bhogā duḥkha (भोगा दुःख). jāḥ (जाः) does the same before bhogāḥ (भोगाः). Before a vowel that is not a (अ), the visarga after a (अ) also drops, and the a (अ) stays, with a hiatus: yonayaḥ eva (योनयः एव) is recited yonaya eva (योनय एव). The plural is still in the split. The recited line has hidden it.
Say it back
Say what those enjoyments are the womb of, and who does not delight in them. If budhaḥ (बुधः) comes out delighting, stay here.