5.23
शक्नोतीहैव यः सोढुं प्राक्शरीरविमोक्षणात् ।
कामक्रोधोद्भवं वेगं स युक्तः स सुखी नरः ॥
śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīravimokṣaṇāt
kāmakrodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. He names the surge that has to be borne here, before the body is left.
The verse
Who is able, here itself, before release from the body, to bear the surge sprung from desire and anger — he is the yoked man, he is the happy man.
नेपालीमा
जो शरीर छुट्नुभन्दा अघि यहीँ चाहना र क्रोधबाट उब्जेको वेग सहन सक्छ, त्यो युक्त मानिस हो, त्यो सुखी मानिस हो।
Where it sits
5.22 said the wise one does not delight in contact-born enjoyments. This verse names the force that pulls him back toward them, desire and anger in one surge, and it puts the test before death. The man who can bear it here is already the yuktaḥ (युक्तः) the chapter has been describing.
Split: शक्नोति + इह + एव + यः + सोढुम् + प्राक् + शरीर-विमोक्षणात् + काम-क्रोध-उद्भवम् + वेगम् + सः + युक्तः + सः + सुखी + नरः
śaknoti + iha + eva + yaḥ + soḍhum + prāk + śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt + kāma-krodha-udbhavam + vegam + saḥ + yuktaḥ + saḥ + sukhī + naraḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| शक्नोति | śaknoti | present, 3rd singular of śak (शक्) | he is able. |
| इह | iha | indeclinable | here. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | itself. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| सोढुम् | soḍhum | infinitive of sah (सह्) | to bear. To endure. |
| प्राक् | prāk | indeclinable | before. |
| शरीर-विमोक्षणात् | śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt | ablative singular | the release from the body. |
| काम-क्रोध-उद्भवम् | kāma-krodha-udbhavam | accusative singular | sprung from desire and anger. |
| वेगम् | vegam | accusative singular | the surge. The rush. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. |
| युक्तः | yuktaḥ | nominative singular | yoked. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. |
| सुखी | sukhī | nominative singular of sukhin (सुखिन्) | happy. |
| नरः | naraḥ | nominative singular | the man. |
The phrases
śaknoti iha eva yaḥ soḍhum (शक्नोति इह एव यः सोढुम्) is the relative. "Who is able, here itself, to bear." prāk śarīravimokṣaṇāt (प्राक् शरीरविमोक्षणात्) says before when: before release from the body. The bearing is in this life.
kāmakrodhodbhavam vegam (कामक्रोधोद्भवम् वेगम्) is what he bears. The surge whose origin is desire and anger. saḥ yuktaḥ saḥ sukhī naraḥ (सः युक्तः सः सुखी नरः) is the answer to yaḥ (यः). He is the yoked one. He is the happy man. Two predicates, one man.
śaknoti iha eva (शक्नोति इह एव) is recited śaknotīhaiva (शक्नोतीहैव). krodha udbhavam (क्रोध उद्भवम्) is recited krodhodbhavam (क्रोधोद्भवम्). Both occurrences of saḥ (सः) are recited sa (स).
Sanskrit in this line
soḍhum (सोढुम्) is the infinitive of sah (सह्), "to bear." The infinitive ending --tum (तुम्) does not keep the shape of the root. h (ह्) with the t (त्) of the ending becomes ḍh (ढ्), and the vowel comes out as o (ओ). The form to say is soḍhum (सोढुम्). prāk (प्राक्) takes the ablative: "before" is prāk (प्राक्) plus vimokṣaṇāt (विमोक्षणात्). The surge is borne before that release.
Say it back
Say what he is able to bear, and the two things saḥ (सः) is. If soḍhum (सोढुम्) comes out as a form that still looks like sah (सह्), stay here.