5.24
योऽन्तःसुखोऽन्तरारामस्तथान्तर्ज्योतिरेव यः ।
स योगी ब्रह्मनिर्वाणं ब्रह्मभूतोऽधिगच्छति ॥
yo 'ntaḥsukho 'ntarārāmas tathāntarjyotir eva yaḥ
sa yogī brahmanirvāṇaṃ brahmabhūto 'dhigacchati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The happiness of 5.21 is now placed inside, three ways, and the end is named brahmanirvāṇa (ब्रह्मनिर्वाण).
The verse
The yogin whose happiness is within, whose delight is within, and whose light is within, having become brahman, reaches the brahman-quenching.
नेपालीमा
जसको सुख भित्र छ, जसको रमण भित्र छ, र जसको ज्योति भित्र छ, त्यो योगी ब्रह्म भएर ब्रह्मको निर्वाणमा पुग्छ।
Where it sits
The happiness that 5.21 found in the self is here said three times as "within," and the reaching that 5.6 promised is given its name. He reaches it as one who has become brahman. The next two verses will say who else reaches that same quenching, and how near it stands.
Split: यः + अन्तः-सुखः + अन्तः-आरामः + तथा + अन्तः-ज्योतिः + एव + यः + सः + योगी + ब्रह्म-निर्वाणम् + ब्रह्म-भूतः + अधिगच्छति
yaḥ + antaḥ-sukhaḥ + antaḥ-ārāmaḥ + tathā + antaḥ-jyotiḥ + eva + yaḥ + saḥ + yogī + brahma-nirvāṇam + brahma-bhūtaḥ + adhigacchati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| अन्तः-सुखः | antaḥ-sukhaḥ | nominative singular, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose happiness is within. |
| अन्तः-आरामः | antaḥ-ārāmaḥ | nominative singular, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose delight is within. ārāma (आराम) is a delight, a place of resting. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and so. |
| अन्तः-ज्योतिः | antaḥ-jyotiḥ | nominative singular, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose light is within. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. The relative, said again. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. |
| योगी | yogī | nominative singular of yogin (योगिन्) | the yogin. |
| ब्रह्म-निर्वाणम् | brahma-nirvāṇam | accusative singular | the quenching that is brahman. |
| ब्रह्म-भूतः | brahma-bhūtaḥ | nominative singular | having become brahman. |
| अधिगच्छति | adhigacchati | present, 3rd singular | he reaches. |
The phrases
yaḥ antaḥsukhaḥ antaḥārāmaḥ (यः अन्तःसुखः अन्तःआरामः) is the man whose happiness is inside and whose delight is inside. tathā antaḥjyotiḥ eva yaḥ (तथा अन्तःज्योतिः एव यः) adds the third: whose light is inside. The yaḥ (यः) is said twice, once at each end of the line, around the same man.
saḥ yogī brahmanirvāṇam brahmabhūtaḥ adhigacchati (सः योगी ब्रह्मनिर्वाणम् ब्रह्मभूतः अधिगच्छति) is the main clause. That yogin, having become brahman, reaches the brahman-quenching. brahmabhūtaḥ (ब्रह्मभूतः) describes him at the moment of reaching.
yaḥ antaḥsukhaḥ (यः अन्तःसुखः) is recited yo 'ntaḥsukhaḥ (योऽन्तःसुखः). The next join is the same: antaḥsukhaḥ antaḥārāmaḥ (अन्तःसुखः अन्तःआरामः) is recited antaḥsukho 'ntarārāmaḥ (अन्तःसुखोऽन्तरारामः). Before ā (आ) and before j (ज्), antaḥ (अन्तः) is heard as antar (अन्तर्): antarārāma (अन्तराराम), antarjyoti (अन्तर्ज्योति). brahmabhūtaḥ adhigacchati (ब्रह्मभूतः अधिगच्छति) is recited brahmabhūto 'dhigacchati (ब्रह्मभूतोऽधिगच्छति).
Sanskrit in this line
अः + अ aḥ + a becomes o (ओ), and the second a (अ) is dropped. The dropped a (अ) is written as the avagraha ऽ, and in roman letters as an apostrophe. यः + अन्तःसुखः yaḥ + antaḥsukhaḥ is yo 'ntaḥsukhaḥ (यो ऽन्तःसुखः). ब्रह्मभूतः + अधिगच्छति brahmabhūtaḥ + adhigacchati is brahmabhūto 'dhigacchati (ब्रह्मभूतो ऽधिगच्छति). The ऽ is the a (अ) of antaḥ (अन्तः) and the a (अ) of adhigacchati (अधिगच्छति). Leave it out and "within" loses its first vowel, and "he reaches" loses the adhi (अधि).
Say it back
Say the three "within" words, and keep the avagraha. If yo 'ntaḥsukhaḥ (योऽन्तःसुखः) comes out as a word with no "within" at the start of it, stay here.