5.29
भोक्तारं यज्ञतपसां सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम् ।
सुहृदं सर्वभूतानां ज्ञात्वा मां शान्तिमृच्छति ॥
bhoktāraṃ yajñatapasāṃ sarvalokamaheśvaram
suhṛdaṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ jñātvā māṃ śāntim ṛcchati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The practice of 5.27 and 5.28 ends in knowing him, and the peace of 5.12 returns as the last word of the chapter.
The verse
Having known me as the enjoyer of sacrifices and austerities, the great lord of all worlds, and the friend of all beings, he reaches peace.
नेपालीमा
मलाई यज्ञ र तपको भोक्ता, सबै लोकका महान् ईश्वर, र सबै प्राणीका मित्र जानेर ऊ शान्तिमा पुग्छ।
Where it sits
The chapter opened with a choice between dropping action and doing it. It chose the yoga of action, took the "I do" off the knower, seated him in the nine-gated city, and gave him one seeing for the brahmin and the dog-cooker. It closes by turning that man toward Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण): know me as the one who receives the offerings, as the great lord of all worlds, and as the friend of all beings. Peace is the end of that knowing.
Split: भोक्तारम् + यज्ञ-तपसाम् + सर्व-लोक-महा-ईश्वरम् + सुहृदम् + सर्व-भूतानाम् + ज्ञात्वा + माम् + शान्तिम् + ऋच्छति
bhoktāram + yajña-tapasām + sarva-loka-mahā-īśvaram + suhṛdam + sarva-bhūtānām + jñātvā + mām + śāntim + ṛcchati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| भोक्तारम् | bhoktāram | accusative singular of bhoktṛ (भोक्तृ) | the enjoyer. The one who receives the offering. |
| यज्ञ-तपसाम् | yajña-tapasām | genitive plural | of sacrifices and austerities. |
| सर्व-लोक-महा-ईश्वरम् | sarva-loka-mahā-īśvaram | accusative singular | the great lord of all worlds. |
| सुहृदम् | suhṛdam | accusative singular of suhṛd (सुहृद्) | the friend. |
| सर्व-भूतानाम् | sarva-bhūtānām | genitive plural | of all beings. |
| ज्ञात्वा | jñātvā | gerund of jñā (ज्ञा) | having known. |
| माम् | mām | accusative singular | me. |
| शान्तिम् | śāntim | accusative singular | peace. |
| ऋच्छति | ṛcchati | present, 3rd singular of ṛ (ऋ) | he reaches. |
The phrases
Three accusatives stand in apposition to mām (माम्), and jñātvā (ज्ञात्वा) governs them all. Having known me as these. bhoktāram yajñatapasām (भोक्तारम् यज्ञतपसाम्) is the enjoyer of sacrifices and austerities. sarvalokamaheśvaram (सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम्) is the great lord of all worlds. suhṛdam sarvabhūtānām (सुहृदम् सर्वभूतानाम्) is the friend of all beings.
शान्तिम् ऋच्छति śāntim ṛcchati is what he reaches, the man of 5.28. Peace. The subject is not renamed. It is still saḥ (सः) from the verse before.
mahā-īśvaram (महा-ईश्वरम्) is recited maheśvaram (महेश्वरम्). mām śāntim (माम् शान्तिम्) is recited māṃ śāntim (मां शान्तिम्). शान्तिम् ऋच्छति śāntim ṛcchati is recited śāntim ṛcchati (शान्तिमृच्छति).
Sanskrit in this line
bhoktāram (भोक्तारम्) is the accusative of bhoktṛ (भोक्तृ), an agent noun in ṛ (ऋ), "the one who enjoys." The accusative of that stem uses the strong form bhoktār (भोक्तार्) plus m (म्). It is not built by hanging an ending on the nominative bhoktā (भोक्ता). The word you meet in the line is the accusative, because he is known as that, and jñātvā (ज्ञात्वा) takes the accusative. आ + ई ā + ī inside the next name makes e (ए): mahā-īśvara (महा-ईश्वर) is recited maheśvara (महेश्वर).
Say it back
Say the three ways he is to be known, then the peace. If mām (माम्) drops out and the three accusatives float free of him, stay here.