6.1
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अनाश्रितः कर्मफलं कार्यं कर्म करोति यः ।
स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
anāśritaḥ karmaphalaṃ kāryaṃ karma karoti yaḥ
sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca na niragnir na cākriyaḥ
Śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking. uvāca (उवाच) is "he said." It stands outside the meter. He speaks through 6.32.
The verse
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) said: Who does the work that is to be done and does not lean on its fruit, he is the renouncer and he is the yogin — not the man without the fire, and not the man who does nothing.
नेपालीमा
कृष्णले भने, जसले गर्नुपर्ने कर्म गर्छ र त्यसको फलमा टेक्दैन, त्यो संन्यासी हो र त्यो योगी हो। त्यो आगो नभएको मानिस होइन, र केही नगर्ने मानिस होइन।
Where it sits
Chapter 5 closed renunciation and action into one person. This verse names him. The renunciation Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) means is action done without clinging.
Split: अनाश्रितः + कर्म-फलम् + कार्यम् + कर्म + करोति + यः + सः + संन्यासी + च + योगी + च + न + निर्-अग्निः + न + च + अक्रियः
anāśritaḥ + karma-phalam + kāryam + karma + karoti + yaḥ + saḥ + saṃnyāsī + ca + yogī + ca + na + nir-agniḥ + na + ca + akriyaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अनाश्रितः | anāśritaḥ | nominative singular | not leaning on. Negative of āśrita (आश्रित), "having resorted to." |
| कर्म-फलम् | karma-phalam | accusative singular | the fruit of action. |
| कार्यम् | kāryam | accusative singular | what is to be done. Gerundive of kṛ (कृ). |
| कर्म | karma | accusative singular | the action. |
| करोति | karoti | present, 3rd singular | he does. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. |
| संन्यासी | saṃnyāsī | nominative singular | the renouncer. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| योगी | yogī | nominative singular | the yogin. The one who is yoked. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| निर्-अग्निः | nir-agniḥ | nominative singular | the man without the fire. The ritual fire, given up. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अक्रियः | akriyaḥ | nominative singular | the man who does nothing. a- (अ-) reverses kriya (क्रिय), "action." |
The phrases
anāśritaḥ karmaphalam (अनाश्रितः कर्मफलम्) is the condition. He does not lean on the fruit. कार्यम् कर्म करोति kāryaṃ karma karoti is what he does instead: the action that is to be done.
yaḥ (यः) and saḥ (सः) hold the sentence. Who does that, he is both saṃnyāsī (संन्यासी) and yogī (योगी).
na niragniḥ na ca akriyaḥ (न निरग्निः न च अक्रियः) refuses two pictures of the renouncer. Not the man who has put the fire out, and not the man who has stopped acting. niragniḥ (निरग्निः) before na (न) is recited niragnir (निरग्निर्). ca (च) plus akriyaḥ (अक्रियः) is cākriyaḥ (चाक्रियः).
Sanskrit in this line
yaḥ (यः) and saḥ (सः) are a pair. The relative clause comes first, the demonstrative picks it up. English says "the one who." Sanskrit says "who … he." saḥ (सः) before a consonant is recited sa (स). That is a habit of this pronoun. Other words in --aḥ (अः) would have become --o (ओ).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say who the renouncer is, and the two men he is not. If niragniḥ (निरग्निः) comes out as "a man sitting by a fire," stay here.