6.2
यं संन्यासमिति प्राहुर्योगं तं विद्धि पाण्डव ।
न ह्यसंन्यस्तसङ्कल्पो योगी भवति कश्चन ॥
yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhur yogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍava
na hy asaṃnyastasaṅkalpo yogī bhavati kaścana
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna. pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) is the vocative, "son of Pāṇḍu (पाण्डु)."
The verse
What they call renunciation, know that to be yoga, son of Pāṇḍu (पाण्डु), for no one becomes a yogin whose resolve has not been renounced.
नेपालीमा
जसलाई संन्यास भनिन्छ, त्यसलाई योग भनेर बुझ, हे पाण्डुका छोरा। सङ्कल्प नत्यागेको कोही पनि योगी हुँदैन।
Where it sits
6.1 refused the man who does nothing. This verse says the word saṃnyāsa (संन्यास) and the word yoga (योग) name one thing, and the thing is the dropped resolve.
Split: यम् + संन्यासम् + इति + प्राहुः + योगम् + तम् + विद्धि + पाण्डव + न + हि + असंन्यस्त-सङ्कल्पः + योगी + भवति + कः + चन
yam + saṃnyāsam + iti + prāhuḥ + yogam + tam + viddhi + pāṇḍava + na + hi + asaṃnyasta-saṅkalpaḥ + yogī + bhavati + kaḥ + cana
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यम् | yam | accusative singular | which. |
| संन्यासम् | saṃnyāsam | accusative singular | renunciation. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. The mark around what people say. |
| प्राहुः | prāhuḥ | perfect, 3rd plural | they say, they call it. |
| योगम् | yogam | accusative singular | yoga. |
| तम् | tam | accusative singular | that. |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular | know. From vid (विद्). |
| पाण्डव | pāṇḍava | vocative | son of Pāṇḍu (पाण्डु). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. It gives the reason. |
| असंन्यस्त-सङ्कल्पः | asaṃnyasta-saṅkalpaḥ | nominative singular | one whose resolve has not been renounced. |
| योगी | yogī | nominative singular | a yogin. |
| भवति | bhavati | present, 3rd singular | becomes. |
| कः | kaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| चन | cana | indeclinable | with kaḥ (कः), "anyone." |
The phrases
यम् संन्यासम् इति प्राहुः yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ is what people call it. योगम् तम् विद्धि yogaṃ taṃ viddhi is the correction: know that to be yoga. The two accusatives, saṃnyāsam (संन्यासम्) and yogam (योगम्), are the same thing under two names.
न हि … कश्चन na hi … kaścana shuts the door. No one becomes a yogin. The person shut out is asaṃnyastasaṅkalpaḥ (असंन्यस्तसङ्कल्पः), the one who has not laid down the resolve. saṅkalpa (सङ्कल्प) is the intention that builds a project.
prāhuḥ (प्राहुः) before yogam (योगम्) is recited prāhur (प्राहुर्). hi (हि) plus asaṃnyasta (असंन्यस्त) is hyasaṃnyasta (ह्यसंन्यस्त).
Sanskrit in this line
asaṃnyastasaṅkalpaḥ (असंन्यस्तसङ्कल्पः) is a bahuvrīhi. The last member looks like "resolve," but the compound describes a person: one whose resolve is asaṃnyasta (असंन्यस्त), not renounced. Before the voiced y (य्) of yogī (योगी), the final --aḥ (अः) is recited --o (ओ): asaṃnyastasaṅkalpo (असंन्यस्तसङ्कल्पो). kaḥ cana (कः चन) is recited kaścana (कश्चन), because visarga before the voiceless c (च्) becomes ś (श्).
Say it back
Say the equation in his order: what they call renunciation, that is yoga. If saṅkalpa (सङ्कल्प) drops out, the verse has lost its condition.