6.20
यत्रोपरमते चित्तं निरुद्धं योगसेवया ।
यत्र चैवात्मनात्मानं पश्यन्नात्मनि तुष्यति ॥
yatroparamate cittaṃ niruddhaṃ yogasevayā
yatra caivātmanātmānaṃ paśyann ātmani tuṣyati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking. yatra (यत्र) opens a chain that tam (तम्) will close in 6.23.
The verse
Where the mind, stopped by the practice of yoga, comes to rest, and where, seeing the self by the self, he is content in the self.
नेपालीमा
जहाँ योगको अभ्यासले रोकिएको मन विश्राममा आउँछ, र जहाँ आत्माले आत्मालाई देखेर ऊ आत्मामा सन्तुष्ट हुन्छ।
Where it sits
The lamp was the likeness. Now the relative clauses begin, and they do not find their main verb until 6.23. Each verse adds another "where" or "which." Do not close the sentence early.
Split: यत्र + उपरमाते + चित्तम् + निरुद्धम् + योग-सेवया + यत्र + च + एव + आत्मना + आत्मानम् + पश्यन् + आत्मनि + तुष्यति
yatra + uparamate + cittam + niruddham + yoga-sevayā + yatra + ca + eva + ātmanā + ātmānam + paśyan + ātmani + tuṣyati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यत्र | yatra | indeclinable | where. |
| उपरमाते | uparamate | present, 3rd singular, middle | it comes to rest. upa-ram (उप-रम्). |
| चित्तम् | cittam | nominative singular | the mind. |
| निरुद्धम् | niruddham | nominative singular | stopped, held back. Agrees with cittam (चित्तम्). |
| योग-सेवया | yoga-sevayā | instrumental singular | by the practice of yoga. sevā (सेवा) is attendance, practice. |
| यत्र | yatra | indeclinable | where. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| आत्मना | ātmanā | instrumental singular | by the self. |
| आत्मानम् | ātmānam | accusative singular | the self. |
| पश्यन् | paśyan | present participle, nominative | seeing. |
| आत्मनि | ātmani | locative singular | in the self. |
| तुष्यति | tuṣyati | present, 3rd singular | he is content. |
The phrases
The first yatra (यत्र) is about the mind. Stopped by the practice of yoga, it comes to rest.
The second yatra (यत्र) is about the man. Seeing the self by the self, he is content in the self. paśyan (पश्यन्) agrees with the person whose contentment tuṣyati (तुष्यति) names.
यत्र उपरमाते yatra uparamate is yatroparamate (यत्रोपरमते). ca eva ātmanā ātmānam (च एव आत्मना आत्मानम्) is caivātmanātmānam (चैवात्मनात्मानम्). पश्यन् आत्मनि paśyan ātmani is paśyannātmani (पश्यन्नात्मनि).
Sanskrit in this line
yogasevayā (योगसेवया) is instrumental, the means. "By what is the mind stopped?" By the practice of yoga. niruddham (निरुद्धम्) is the past participle of ni-rudh (नि-रुध्), "hold back," and it agrees with cittam (चित्तम्). A past participle beside a noun, with no extra verb of its own, works as an adjective: the mind, stopped.
Say it back
Two yatra (यत्र) clauses. The mind comes to rest, and he is content seeing what. If the second clause is said as seeing other people, ātmānam (आत्मानम्) has been replaced.