6.19
यथा दीपो निवातस्थो नेङ्गते सोपमा स्मृता ।
योगिनो यतचित्तस्य युञ्जतो योगमात्मनः ॥
yathā dīpo nivātastho neṅgate sopamā smṛtā
yogino yatacittasya yuñjato yogam ātmanaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking.
The verse
As a lamp standing where there is no wind does not flicker, that likeness is taught of the yogin whose mind is held, who is yoking the yoga of the self.
नेपालीमा
हावा नलाग्ने ठाउँमा उभिएको दियो नहल्लिएझैँ, त्यो उपमा मन समातेको र आत्माको योग जोडिरहेको योगीको लागि भनिएको छ।
Where it sits
6.18 said the mind stands in the self. This verse lets you see that standing. The next four verses will say what it is like where the mind has come to rest, and 6.23 will name that state yoga.
Split: यथा + दीपः + निवात-स्थः + न + इङ्गते + सा + उपमा + स्मृता + योगिनः + यत-चित्तस्य + युञ्जतः + योगम् + आत्मनः
yathā + dīpaḥ + nivāta-sthaḥ + na + iṅgate + sā + upamā + smṛtā + yoginaḥ + yata-cittasya + yuñjataḥ + yogam + ātmanaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यथा | yathā | indeclinable | as. |
| दीपः | dīpaḥ | nominative singular | a lamp. |
| निवात-स्थः | nivāta-sthaḥ | nominative singular | standing where there is no wind. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| इङ्गते | iṅgate | present, 3rd singular, middle | it flickers, it wavers. |
| सा | sā | nominative feminine | that. Agrees with upamā (उपमा). |
| उपमा | upamā | nominative singular | a likeness, a comparison. |
| स्मृता | smṛtā | nominative feminine | is remembered, is taught. Agrees with upamā (उपमा). |
| योगिनः | yoginaḥ | genitive singular | of the yogin. |
| यत-चित्तस्य | yata-cittasya | genitive singular | of the one whose mind is held. |
| युञ्जतः | yuñjataḥ | genitive singular | of one who is yoking. |
| योगम् | yogam | accusative singular | yoga. Object of yuñjataḥ (युञ्जतः). |
| आत्मनः | ātmanaḥ | genitive singular | of the self. |
The phrases
yathā dīpaḥ nivātasthaḥ na iṅgate (यथा दीपः निवातस्थः न इङ्गते) is the picture. A lamp in a place with no wind does not flicker.
sā upamā smṛtā (सा उपमा स्मृता) says the picture is a likeness that has been handed down. The genitives say of whom: the yogin whose mind is held, who is yoking the yoga of the self. The verse does not repeat "his mind does not flicker." The likeness does that work.
dīpaḥ (दीपः) is dīpo (दीपो). nivātasthaḥ (निवातस्थः) is nivātastho (निवातस्थो). na iṅgate (न इङ्गते) is neṅgate (नेङ्गते). sā upamā (सा उपमा) is sopamā (सोपमा).
Sanskrit in this line
yathā (यथा) sets a comparison, and upamā (उपमा) is the noun for the comparison itself. The verb of the picture, iṅgate (इङ्गते), belongs to the lamp, not to a second clause about the yogin. The yogin is genitive, yoginaḥ (योगिनः), because the likeness is his. yatacittasya (यतचित्तस्य) and yuñjataḥ (युञ्जतः) agree with that genitive. They are not a new subject.
Say it back
The lamp, and whose likeness it is. If neṅgate (नेङ्गते) is said of the wind, the negative is on the wrong word.