7.16
चतुर्विधा भजन्ते मां जनाः सुकृतिनोऽर्जुन ।
आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी ज्ञानी च भरतर्षभ ॥
caturvidhā bhajante māṃ janāḥ sukṛtino 'rjuna
ārto jijñāsur arthārthī jñānī ca bharatarṣabha
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन), and he calls him Bharatarṣabha (भरतर्षभ) again.
The verse
Four kinds of people of good action turn to me, Arjuna (अर्जुन): the one in distress, the one who wants to know, the one who wants a result, and the one who knows, bull of the Bharatas.
नेपालीमा
राम्रो कर्म गर्ने चार प्रकारका मानिसहरू मतिर फर्किन्छन्, हे अर्जुन। हे भरतहरूका वृषभ, ती हुन् दुःखी, जान्न चाहने, फल चाहने र जान्ने।
Where it sits
7.15 was who does not come. This is who does. The four are not equal. 7.17 will single out the one who knows, and 7.19 will say what that one comes to at the end of many births.
Split: चतुर्-विधाः + भजन्ते + माम् + जनाः + सु-कृतिनः + अर्जुन + आर्तः + जिज्ञासुः + अर्थ-अर्थी + ज्ञानी + च + भरत-ऋषभ
catur-vidhāḥ + bhajante + mām + janāḥ + su-kṛtinaḥ + arjuna + ārtaḥ + jijñāsuḥ + artha-arthī + jñānī + ca + bharata-ṛṣabha
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| चतुर्-विधाः | catur-vidhāḥ | nominative plural | of four kinds. catur (चतुर्) "four," vidha (विध) "kind." |
| भजन्ते | bhajante | present, 3rd plural, middle | they turn to, they worship. From bhaj (भज्), "share in, turn toward." |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| जनाः | janāḥ | nominative plural | people. |
| सु-कृतिनः | su-kṛtinaḥ | nominative plural | people of good action. The opposite of duṣ-kṛtinaḥ (दुष्-कृतिनः) in 7.15. |
| अर्जुन | arjuna | vocative | Arjuna (अर्जुन). |
| आर्तः | ārtaḥ | nominative singular | the one in distress. The afflicted. |
| जिज्ञासुः | jijñāsuḥ | nominative singular | the one who wants to know. A desiderative from jñā (ज्ञा). |
| अर्थ-अर्थी | artha-arthī | nominative of arthin (अर्थिन्) | the one who seeks a result. artha (अर्थ) is an aim, a thing wanted. |
| ज्ञानी | jñānī | nominative of jñānin (ज्ञानिन्) | the one who knows. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| भरत-ऋषभ | bharata-ṛṣabha | vocative | bull of the Bharatas. |
The phrases
catur-vidhāḥ bhajante mām janāḥ su-kṛtinaḥ (चतुर्-विधाः भजन्ते माम् जनाः सु-कृतिनः) is the announcement. Four kinds of people of good action turn to him. The verb here is bhaj (भज्). Turning to him is the coming 7.14 spoke of, which used prapadyante (प्रपद्यन्ते).
ārtaḥ jijñāsuḥ artha-arthī jñānī ca (आर्तः जिज्ञासुः अर्थ-अर्थी ज्ञानी च) is the four, all nominative. The one in distress. The one who wants to know. The one who wants a result. The one who knows. Two vocatives sit in the line and are not part of the count: arjuna (अर्जुन) and bharata-ṛṣabha (भरत-ऋषभ).
Sanskrit in this line
jijñāsuḥ (जिज्ञासुः) is a desiderative, "wanting to know." The mark of wanting is the reduplication and the suffix --su (सु). jñā (ज्ञा) "know" becomes jijñāsā (जिज्ञासा) "the desire to know," and jijñāsu (जिज्ञासु) "the one who wants to know."
uḥ (उः) before a vowel becomes r (र्). जिज्ञासुः + अर्थ-अर्थी jijñāsuḥ + artha-arthī is recited jijñāsur arthārthī (जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी). The seam between the second person and the third disappears. Count four nominatives from the split. ārtaḥ (आर्तः) is recited ārto (आर्तो), because aḥ (अः) before the voiced j (ज्) becomes o (ओ).
सु-कृतिनः + अर्जुन su-kṛtinaḥ + arjuna is sukṛtino 'rjuna (सुकृतिनोऽर्जुन). अः + अ aḥ + a becomes o (ओ) with avagraha.
Say it back
Say the four, in order. If the sandhi makes you say three, stay here. The word that fails the sitting is artha-arthī (अर्थ-अर्थी), stuck to the end of jijñāsuḥ (जिज्ञासुः).