7.30
साधिभूताधिदैवं मां साधियज्ञं च ये विदुः ।
प्रयाणकालेऽपि च मां ते विदुर्युक्तचेतसः ॥
sādhibhūtādhidaivaṃ māṃ sādhiyajñaṃ ca ye viduḥ
prayāṇakāle 'pi ca māṃ te vidur yuktacetasaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The chapter ends on this sentence.
The verse
And those who know me together with what stands over beings, over the gods, and over the sacrifice, they, their minds yoked, know me even at the time of departure.
नेपालीमा
अनि जसले मलाई भूतमाथि रहने, देवतामाथि रहने र यज्ञमाथि रहने कुरासँगै चिन्छन्, तिनीहरूले मन युक्त भएर प्रस्थानको बेला पनि मलाई चिन्छन्।
Where it sits
7.29 ended on brahman (ब्रह्म), the matter of the self, and action. This verse adds beings, gods, and sacrifice, and it puts the knowing at the hour of going. Those three adhi (अधि) words are left sitting in the line. Arjuna's (अर्जुन) next speech asks what they mean. The chapter itself stops on the person whose mind is yoked, who knows him then.
Split: स-अधिभूत-अधिदैवम् + माम् + स-अधियज्ञम् + च + ये + विदुः + प्रयाण-काले + अपि + च + माम् + ते + विदुः + युक्त-चेतसः
sa-adhibhūta-adhidaivam + mām + sa-adhiyajñam + ca + ye + viduḥ + prayāṇa-kāle + api + ca + mām + te + viduḥ + yukta-cetasaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| स-अधिभूत-अधिदैवम् | sa-adhibhūta-adhidaivam | accusative singular | together with what is over beings and what is over the gods. sa- (स-) "with." adhi (अधि) "over, concerning." |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| स-अधियज्ञम् | sa-adhiyajñam | accusative singular | together with what is over the sacrifice. yajña (यज्ञ) is the sacrifice. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. |
| विदुः | viduḥ | perfect, 3rd plural | they know. The same form as in 7.29. |
| प्रयाण-काले | prayāṇa-kāle | locative singular | at the time of departure. The going at the end of a life. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | even. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. |
| विदुः | viduḥ | perfect, 3rd plural | they know. |
| युक्त-चेतसः | yukta-cetasaḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | whose mind is yoked. cetas (चेतस्) is mind. |
The phrases
sa-adhibhūta-adhidaivam mām sa-adhiyajñam ca ye viduḥ (स-अधिभूत-अधिदैवम् माम् स-अधियज्ञम् च ये विदुः) is a knowing of him together with three domains. What concerns beings. What concerns the gods. What concerns the sacrifice. The sa- (स-) on each compound means he is not known apart from those. They know him with them.
prayāṇa-kāle api ca mām te viduḥ yukta-cetasaḥ (प्रयाण-काले अपि च माम् ते विदुः युक्त-चेतसः) is the second clause, the same people. Even at the time of going, they know him, their minds yoked. api (अपि) puts the weight on that hour. The knowing is not only while they are listening to this chapter.
Sanskrit in this line
sa- (स-) means "with," and it is not the pronoun saḥ (सः). Twice it joins a word that begins with adhi (अधि).
स + अधिभूत sa + adhibhūta is sādhibhūta (साधिभूत). अ + अ a + a becomes ā (आ). Inside the same compound, अधिभूत + अधिदैव adhibhūta + adhidaiva does it again: adhibhūtādhidaiva (अधिभूताधिदैव). स + अधियज्ञ sa + adhiyajña is sādhiyajña (साधियज्ञ). If sā (सा) is read as "she," both compounds fall apart.
प्रयाण-काले + अपि prayāṇa-kāle + api is prayāṇakāle 'pi (प्रयाणकालेऽपि). ए + अ e + a drops the a (अ) with ऽ. The locative --e (ए) still answers "at." विदुः + युक्त-चेतसः viduḥ + yukta-cetasaḥ is vidur yuktacetasaḥ (विदुर्युक्तचेतसः). uḥ (उः) before voiced y (य्) becomes r (र्). The subject yukta-cetasaḥ (युक्त-चेतसः) is still plural, agreeing with te (ते).
Say it back
Know him with the three domains, and know him at the time of going. If prayāṇa-kāle (प्रयाण-काले) becomes "at the time of battle," stay here. It is the departure at the end of life.