7.29
जरामरणमोक्षाय मामाश्रित्य यतन्ति ये ।
ते ब्रह्म तद्विदुः कृत्स्नमध्यात्मं कर्म चाखिलम् ॥
jarāmaraṇamokṣāya mām āśritya yatanti ye
te brahma tad viduḥ kṛtsnam adhyātmaṃ karma cākhilam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Those who strive, having taken refuge in me, for release from old age and death, they know that brahman (ब्रह्म), the whole of what belongs to the self, and action entire.
नेपालीमा
जरा र मृत्युबाट छुटकाराका लागि मेरो आश्रय लिएर प्रयास गर्नेहरूले त्यो ब्रह्मलाई, आत्मासँग सम्बन्धित सबै कुरालाई र सम्पूर्ण कर्मलाई चिन्छन्।
Where it sits
7.28 was people of ended harm turning to him. This verse is the ones who strive for release and take refuge in him, and it says their knowing reaches three things: brahman (ब्रह्म), the matter of the self, and action. 7.30 adds three more words to that knowing, and the time of death.
Split: जरा-मरण-मोक्षाय + माम् + आश्रित्य + यतन्ति + ये + ते + ब्रह्म + तत् + विदुः + कृत्स्नम् + अध्यात्मम् + कर्म + च + अखिलम्
jarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya + mām + āśritya + yatanti + ye + te + brahma + tat + viduḥ + kṛtsnam + adhyātmam + karma + ca + akhilam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| जरा-मरण-मोक्षाय | jarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya | dative singular | for release from old age and death. mokṣa (मोक्ष) "release," jarā (जरा) "old age," maraṇa (मरण) "dying." |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. Object of the gerund. |
| आश्रित्य | āśritya | gerund of ā-śri (आ-श्रि) | having taken refuge. |
| यतन्ति | yatanti | present, 3rd plural | they strive. From yat (यत्), the verb of 7.3. |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. |
| ब्रह्म | brahma | accusative singular, neuter | brahman (ब्रह्म). |
| तत् | tat | accusative singular, neuter | that. |
| विदुः | viduḥ | perfect, 3rd plural of vid (विद्) | they know. |
| कृत्स्नम् | kṛtsnam | accusative singular, neuter | whole. Agrees with adhyātmam (अध्यात्मम्). |
| अध्यात्मम् | adhyātmam | accusative singular | what pertains to the self. adhi (अधि) "over, concerning," ātman (आत्मन्) "self." |
| कर्म | karma | accusative singular | action. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अखिलम् | akhilam | accusative singular, neuter | entire, with nothing left out. Agrees with karma (कर्म). |
The phrases
जरा-मरण-मोक्षाय माम् आश्रित्य यतन्ति ये jarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya mām āśritya yatanti ye is the striving of 7.3 with an aim and a refuge. Who strive, having taken refuge in him, for release from old age and death. The dative is "for." The gerund is "having taken refuge," and its object is mām (माम्).
ते ब्रह्म तत् विदुः कृत्स्नम् अध्यात्मम् कर्म च अखिलम् te brahma tat viduḥ kṛtsnam adhyātmam karma ca akhilam is what those people know. That brahman (ब्रह्म). The whole of what belongs to the self. And action, entire. Three objects, all accusative. kṛtsnam (कृत्स्नम्) sits with adhyātmam (अध्यात्मम्). akhilam (अखिलम्) sits with karma (कर्म).
Sanskrit in this line
तत् + विदुः tat + viduḥ is recited tad viduḥ (तद्विदुः). t (त्) before the voiced v (व्) is voiced to d (द्). The verb is viduḥ (विदुः), "they know." If the d (द्) is kept on tat (तत्) as if the word were tadvid (तद्विद्), the sentence loses its verb.
The dative jarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya (जरा-मरण-मोक्षाय) answers "for," and it belongs to yatanti (यतन्ति), not to viduḥ (विदुः). They strive for release. The knowing is what follows, not the purpose-word. āśritya (आश्रित्य) is the gerund of a prefixed verb, so it ends in --ya (य). The person who has taken refuge is the subject of yatanti (यतन्ति), the ye (ये).
Say it back
What they strive for, whom they take refuge in, then the three things they know. If mokṣāya (मोक्षाय) is said as "by release," the dative was heard as an instrumental. Stay here.