9.1
श्रीभगवानुवाच
इदं तु ते गुह्यतमं
प्रवक्ष्याम्यनसूयवे ।
ज्ञानं विज्ञानसहितं
यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात् ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
idaṃ tu te guhyatamaṃ pravakṣyāmy anasūyave
jñānaṃ vijñānasahitaṃ yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt
Śrī Bhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). uvāca (उवाच) is "he said." It stands outside the meter.
The verse
Śrī Bhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) said: I shall declare to you, who do not find fault, this most secret knowledge together with discernment, knowing which you will be released from what is inauspicious.
नेपालीमा
श्रीभगवान्ले भने, दोष नदेख्ने तिमीलाई म यो अति गुप्त ज्ञान विवेकसहित भन्नेछु। यो चिनेपछि तिमी अशुभबाट मुक्त हुनेछौ।
Where it sits
The chapter opens as a gift of speech. Arjuna (अर्जुन) has not asked a fresh question in these lines. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) names the knowledge, the hearer who can take it, and the release that follows the knowing.
Split: इदम् + तु + ते + गुह्यतमम् + प्रवक्ष्यामि + अनसूयवे + ज्ञानम् + विज्ञान-सहितम् + यत् + ज्ञात्वा + मोक्ष्यसे + अशुभात्
idam + tu + te + guhyatamam + pravakṣyāmi + anasūyave + jñānam + vijñāna-sahitam + yat + jñātvā + mokṣyase + aśubhāt
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| इदम् | idam | accusative neuter | this. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | now. A small turn into a new speech. |
| ते | te | dative of tvam (त्वम्) | to you. |
| गुह्यतमम् | guhyatamam | accusative neuter | most secret. guhya (गुह्य) is what is hidden. --tama (तम) is "most." |
| प्रवक्ष्यामि | pravakṣyāmi | future, 1st singular | I shall declare. pra (प्र) "forth," vac (वच्) "speak." |
| अनसूयवे | anasūyave | dative singular | to the one who does not find fault. The noun is anasūyu (अनसूयु). |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | accusative neuter | knowledge. From jñā (ज्ञा), "know." |
| विज्ञान-सहितम् | vijñāna-sahitam | accusative neuter | together with discernment. vijñāna (विज्ञान) is knowing that sorts one thing from another. sahita (सहित) is "accompanied." |
| यत् | yat | accusative neuter | which. |
| ज्ञात्वा | jñātvā | gerund of jñā (ज्ञा) | having known. |
| मोक्ष्यसे | mokṣyase | future, 2nd singular, middle | you will be released. From mokṣ (मोक्ष्). |
| अशुभात् | aśubhāt | ablative | from what is inauspicious. śubha (शुभ) is the bright, the fortunate. |
The phrases
idaṃ tu te guhyatamaṃ pravakṣyāmi (इदं तु ते गुह्यतमं प्रवक्ष्यामि) is the promise. He will declare this most secret thing, and te (ते) says it is for the man in front of him.
anasūyave (अनसूयवे) is that man, in the same dative as te (ते). The hearer is the one who does not carp.
jñānaṃ vijñānasahitam (ज्ञानं विज्ञानसहितम्) is what idam (इदम्) points at. yat jñātvā (यत् ज्ञात्वा) is "which, having known." The recited join is yajjñātvā (यज्ज्ञात्वा).
mokṣyase aśubhāt (मोक्ष्यसे अशुभात्) is the end of the knowing. Release, and the ablative names what he is released from.
Sanskrit in this line
मोक्ष्यसे + अशुभात् mokṣyase + aśubhāt is recited mokṣyase 'śubhāt (मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात्). e (ए) meets a (अ): the e (ए) stays, and the a (अ) is written ऽ, the avagraha. You still pronounce the break. The a (अ) of aśubhāt (अशुभात्) is the a (अ) that the sign stands for.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he will declare, who can hear it, and what the knowing frees him from. If anasūyave (अनसूयवे) comes out as a bare "O Arjuna," stay here.