9.19
तपाम्यहमहं वर्षं
निगृह्णाम्युत्सृजामि च ।
अमृतं चैव मृत्युश्च
सदसच्चाहमर्जुन ॥
tapāmy aham ahaṃ varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmy utsṛjāmi ca
amṛtaṃ caiva mṛtyuś ca sad asac cāham arjuna
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The verse ends by naming him.
The verse
I heat, I hold the rain back and I release it, I am the deathless and death, and I am what is and what is not, Arjuna (अर्जुन).
नेपालीमा
म तात्छु, म वर्षा रोक्छु र छोड्छु, म नमर्ने र मृत्यु हुँ, र म जे छ र जे छैन त्यो हुँ, हे अर्जुन।
Where it sits
The long "I am" comes to a close on pairs that refuse a single side. Heat and rain, deathless and death, being and non-being. Next the meter lengthens, and he turns to the people who worship in order to reach heaven.
Split: तपामि + अहम् + अहम् + वर्षम् + निगृह्णामि + उत्सृजामि + च + अमृतम् + च + एव + मृत्युः + च + सत् + असत् + च + अहम् + अर्जुन
tapāmi + aham + aham + varṣam + nigṛhṇāmi + utsṛjāmi + ca + amṛtam + ca + eva + mṛtyuḥ + ca + sat + asat + ca + aham + arjuna
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तपामि | tapāmi | present, 1st singular | I heat. tap (तप्). |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| वर्षम् | varṣam | accusative | the rain. |
| निगृह्णामि | nigṛhṇāmi | present, 1st singular | I hold back. ni-grah (नि-ग्रह्). |
| उत्सृजामि | utsṛjāmi | present, 1st singular | I release, I send out. ut-sṛj (उत्-सृज्). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अमृतम् | amṛtam | nominative | the deathless. mṛta (मृत) is "dead," with a- (अ-). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| मृत्युः | mṛtyuḥ | nominative | death. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| सत् | sat | nominative | what is. |
| असत् | asat | nominative | what is not. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| अर्जुन | arjuna | vocative | Arjuna (अर्जुन). |
The phrases
tapāmi aham (तपामि अहम्) puts a verb back into the "I am." He heats. ahaṃ varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmi utsṛjāmi ca (अहं वर्षं निगृह्णामि उत्सृजामि च) is the rain, held and let go. The two verbs are one office.
amṛtaṃ ca eva mṛtyuḥ ca (अमृतं च एव मृत्युः च) is the deathless and death, both him. सत् असत् च अहम् sat asat ca aham is what is and what is not, and he is that too. arjuna (अर्जुन) is the man who has to hear the pair.
Sanskrit in this line
सत् + असत् + च sat + asat + ca is recited sad asac ca (सदसच्च). t (त्) before a vowel becomes d (द्), so सत् + असत् sat + asat is sadasat (सदसत्). t (त्) before c (च्) becomes c (च्), and the two are written doubled: असत् + च asat + ca is asacca (असच्च). The whole join with aham (अहम्) is sadasaccāham (सदसच्चाहम्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say both sat (सत्) and asat (असत्), and both amṛtam (अमृतम्) and mṛtyuḥ (मृत्युः). If you keep only the bright half of either pair, stay here.