10.1
श्रीभगवानुवाच
भूय एव महाबाहो शृणु मे परमं वचः ।
यत्तेऽहं प्रीयमाणाय वक्ष्यामि हितकाम्यया ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
bhūya eva mahābāho śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ
yat te 'haṃ prīyamāṇāya vakṣyāmi hitakāmyayā
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking. The n (न्) of bhagavān (भगवान्) joins uvāca (उवाच), so the line is recited śrībhagavānuvāca (श्रीभगवानुवाच). It stands outside the meter. The speaker is Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण).
The verse
The blessed lord said: Hear again, mighty-armed one, my supreme word, which I will speak to you, who take delight in it, from the wish for your welfare.
नेपालीमा
श्रीभगवान्ले भने, हे बलियो बाहु भएका, मेरो परम वचन फेरि सुन, जुन म तिम्रो हितको इच्छाबाट, त्यसमा रमाउने तिमीलाई भन्नेछु।
Where it sits
Chapter 9 closed on a command to set the mind on him. Chapter 10 opens by asking for another hearing. The list of splendors has not started. He is asking Arjuna to take a word that he calls supreme.
Split: भूयः + एव + महा-बाहो + शृणु + मे + परमम् + वचः + यत् + ते + अहम् + प्रीयमाणाय + वक्ष्यामि + हित-काम्यया
bhūyaḥ + eva + mahā-bāho + śṛṇu + me + paramam + vacaḥ + yat + te + aham + prīyamāṇāya + vakṣyāmi + hita-kāmyayā
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| भूयः | bhūyaḥ | indeclinable | again. Further. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. It presses the word it follows. |
| महा-बाहो | mahā-bāho | vocative of mahā-bāhu (महा-बाहु) | mighty-armed. Arjuna. |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular of śru (श्रु) | hear. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic of aham (अहम्) | my. Of me. |
| परमम् | paramam | accusative singular neuter | supreme. Agrees with vacaḥ (वचः). |
| वचः | vacaḥ | accusative of vacas (वचस्) | word. Speech. |
| यत् | yat | accusative singular neuter of yad (यद्) | which. The relative of vacaḥ (वचः). |
| ते | te | dative enclitic | to you. For you. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| प्रीयमाणाय | prīyamāṇāya | dative singular, present participle of prī (प्री) | to you who are taking delight. The participle agrees with te (ते). |
| वक्ष्यामि | vakṣyāmi | future, 1st singular of vac (वच्) | I will speak. |
| हित-काम्यया | hita-kāmyayā | instrumental singular | with the desire for your welfare. hita (हित) is what benefits. kāmyā (काम्या) is the wish. |
The phrases
bhūya eva mahābāho śṛṇu (भूय एव महाबाहो शृणु) opens the chapter as another hearing. The same speaker, a further word. mahābāho (महाबाहो) is Arjuna, named by the arm that holds the bow.
me paramaṃ vacaḥ (मे परमं वचः) is what he is to hear. "My supreme word." The m (म्) of paramam (परमम्) has become the anusvāra before v (व्).
yat te 'haṃ prīyamāṇāya vakṣyāmi (यत् तेऽहं प्रीयमाणाय वक्ष्यामि) is the relative clause. The word he will speak is for Arjuna, and the dative participle says Arjuna is already taking delight in it. hitakāmyayā (हितकाम्यया) is the instrumental of the motive: the wish that this be for his good.
Sanskrit in this line
te (ते) + aham (अहम्) is recited te 'ham (तेऽहम्). e (ए) + a (अ) keeps the e (ए), and the lost a (अ) is marked by ऽ, the avagraha. In roman letters that mark is the apostrophe: te 'ham.
mahā-bāhu (महा-बाहु) is an u (उ)-stem. The vocative singular of an u (उ)-stem is --o (ओ). bāhu (बाहु) becomes bāho (बाहो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he asks Arjuna to do, and for whom the word is spoken. If paramaṃ vacaḥ (परमं वचः) comes out as a command rather than the thing to be heard, stay here.