10.2
न मे विदुः सुरगणाः प्रभवं न महर्षयः ।
अहमादिर्हि देवानां महर्षीणां च सर्वशः ॥
na me viduḥ suragaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ
aham ādir hi devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. This is why the supreme word has to be heard from him.
The verse
Neither the hosts of gods nor the great sages know my origin, for I am, in every way, the beginning of the gods and of the great sages.
नेपालीमा
न देवताका समूहले न महान् ऋषिहरूले मेरो उत्पत्ति जान्दैनन्। किनकि म हर प्रकारले देवता र महान् ऋषिहरूको आदि हुँ।
Where it sits
The supreme word of 10.1 is this. He is the source of the gods and of the sages. Their not-knowing is the reason Arjuna has to hear it from him.
Split: न + मे + विदुः + सुर-गणाः + प्रभवम् + न + महा-ऋषयः + अहम् + आदिः + हि + देवानाम् + महा-ऋषीणाम् + च + सर्वशः
na + me + viduḥ + sura-gaṇāḥ + prabhavam + na + mahā-ṛṣayaḥ + aham + ādiḥ + hi + devānām + mahā-ṛṣīṇām + ca + sarvaśaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | my. Of me. |
| विदुः | viduḥ | perfect, 3rd plural of vid (विद्) | they know. A past form used of a present fact. |
| सुर-गणाः | sura-gaṇāḥ | nominative plural | the hosts of the gods. sura (सुर) is a god. gaṇa (गण) is a troop. |
| प्रभवम् | prabhavam | accusative singular | origin. The coming-forth. Source. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. The second na (न) repeats the negation for the sages. |
| महा-ऋषयः | mahā-ṛṣayaḥ | nominative plural | the great sages. Recited maharṣayaḥ (महर्षयः). ā (आ) + ṛ (ऋ) becomes ar (अर्). |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| आदिः | ādiḥ | nominative singular | the beginning. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | indeed. For. It gives the reason. |
| देवानाम् | devānām | genitive plural | of the gods. |
| महा-ऋषीणाम् | mahā-ṛṣīṇām | genitive plural | of the great sages. Recited maharṣīṇām (महर्षीणाम्). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| सर्वशः | sarvaśaḥ | indeclinable | in every way. Wholly. |
The phrases
na me viduḥ suragaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ (न मे विदुः सुरगणाः प्रभवं न महर्षयः) is one negation said twice. The hosts of gods do not know my origin. The great sages do not know it. prabhavam (प्रभवम्) is the object of viduḥ (विदुः). me (मे) is "my."
अहम् आदिः हि देवानां महर्षीणां च सर्वशः aham ādiḥ hi devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ is the reason the first line is true. He is their beginning. The people who would be asked do not know him because he comes before they do.
Sanskrit in this line
ādiḥ (आदिः) + hi (हि) is recited ādir hi (आदिर्हि). The vowel before the visarga is i (इ). Visarga after i (इ), ī (ई), u (उ), or ū (ऊ), before a voiced sound, becomes r (र्). hi (हि) begins with voiced h (ह्). अहम् आदिः हि aham ādiḥ hi is one sound in the line: aham ādir hi (अहमादिर्हि). The m (म्) of aham (अहम्) stays m (म्) before the vowel.
Say it back
Who does not know, and what they do not know. Then the reason. If ādiḥ (आदिः) comes out as "a god among gods," stay here. He is the beginning of them.