10.10
तेषां सततयुक्तानां भजतां प्रीतिपूर्वकम् ।
ददामि बुद्धियोगं तं येन मामुपयान्ति ते ॥
teṣāṃ satatayuktānāṃ bhajatāṃ prītipūrvakam
dadāmi buddhiyogaṃ taṃ yena mām upayānti te
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. He says what he gives the people of 10.9.
The verse
To them, constantly yoked and worshipping with love first, I give that buddhi-yoga by which they come to me.
नेपालीमा
सधैँ जोडिएका र प्रेमपूर्वक पूजा गर्ने तिनीहरूलाई म त्यो बुद्धिको योग दिन्छु, जसद्वारा तिनीहरू मकहाँ आउँछन्।
Where it sits
This is the gift the first stretch of the chapter turns on. He does not only wait to be known. He gives the understanding by which they come to him. buddhiḥ (बुद्धिः) was the first state named in 10.4. Here that understanding is the yoga he gives.
Split: तेषाम् + सतत-युक्तानाम् + भजताम् + प्रीति-पूर्वकम् + ददामि + बुद्धि-योगम् + तम् + येन + माम् + उपयान्ति + ते
teṣām + satata-yuktānām + bhajatām + prīti-pūrvakam + dadāmi + buddhi-yogam + tam + yena + mām + upayānti + te
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तेषाम् | teṣām | genitive plural | of them. To them. The people just described. |
| सतत-युक्तानाम् | satata-yuktānām | genitive plural | of those yoked constantly. Agrees with teṣām (तेषाम्). satata (सतत) is "constant." |
| भजताम् | bhajatām | genitive plural, present participle of bhaj (भज्) | of those worshipping. |
| प्रीति-पूर्वकम् | prīti-pūrvakam | adverbial accusative | with love first. Affection going before. |
| ददामि | dadāmi | present, 1st singular of dā (दा) | I give. |
| बुद्धि-योगम् | buddhi-yogam | accusative singular | the yoga of understanding. The yoking that is buddhi (बुद्धि). |
| तम् | tam | accusative singular | that. Agrees with buddhi-yogam (बुद्धि-योगम्). |
| येन | yena | instrumental singular of yad (यद्) | by which. |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| उपयान्ति | upayānti | present, 3rd plural of upa-yā (उप-या) | they come to. They approach. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. The correlative of teṣām (तेषाम्). |
The phrases
teṣāṃ satatayuktānāṃ bhajatāṃ prītipūrvakam (तेषां सततयुक्तानां भजतां प्रीतिपूर्वकम्) is who receives. Those constantly yoked, worshipping, love first. Three genitives, one group of people. prītipūrvakam (प्रीतिपूर्वकम्) says how the worship is done.
ददामि बुद्धियोगं तं येन माम् उपयान्ति ते dadāmi buddhiyogaṃ taṃ yena mām upayānti te is the gift and what the gift does. He gives that buddhi-yoga by which they come to him. yena (येन) and tam (तम्) are the pair, "by which" and "that."
Sanskrit in this line
yena (येन) is instrumental singular of the relative yad (यद्). The instrumental answers "by which." The correlative is tam (तम्), "that" yoga. माम् उपयान्ति mām upayānti is where the instrument leads: they come to him.
teṣām (तेषाम्) is genitive, and dadāmi (ददामि) still means "I give" to those people. The case of the receiver in this line is the genitive, the same case as satatayuktānām (सततयुक्तानाम्) and bhajatām (भजताम्).
Say it back
What he gives, and the instrument. buddhiyogam (बुद्धियोगम्), yena (येन). If yena (येन) comes out as "whom," stay here. It is "by which."