10.11
तेषामेवानुकम्पार्थमहमज्ञानजं तमः ।
नाशयाम्यात्मभावस्थो ज्ञानदीपेन भास्वता ॥
teṣām evānukampārtham aham ajñānajaṃ tamaḥ
nāśayāmy ātmabhāvastho jñānadīpena bhāsvatā
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) finishes this speech. Arjuna will answer at 10.12.
The verse
For them, out of compassion, I, standing in the being of the self, destroy with the shining lamp of knowledge the darkness born of ignorance.
नेपालीमा
तिनीहरूकै करुणाका लागि, आत्माको भावमा उभिएर, म ज्ञानको चम्किलो दियोले अज्ञानबाट जन्मेको अन्धकार नाश गर्छु।
Where it sits
The buddhi-yoga of 10.10 is a lamp in this verse. What it removes is darkness born of not knowing. This is the last verse of his speech. The next voice is Arjuna's, and Arjuna will accept what has just been said.
Split: तेषाम् + एव + अनुकम्पा-अर्थम् + अहम् + अज्ञान-जम् + तमः + नाशयामि + आत्म-भाव-स्थः + ज्ञान-दीपेन + भास्वता
teṣām + eva + anukampā-artham + aham + ajñāna-jam + tamaḥ + nāśayāmi + ātma-bhāva-sthaḥ + jñāna-dīpena + bhāsvatā
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तेषाम् | teṣām | genitive plural | for them. The same people as 10.10. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | just. Indeed. It presses teṣām (तेषाम्). |
| अनुकम्पा-अर्थम् | anukampā-artham | adverbial accusative | for the sake of compassion. Recited अनुकम्पार्यम् anukampārtham. anukampā (अनुकम्पा) is compassion, a trembling-with. artham (अर्थम्) at the end of a compound is "for the sake of." |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| अज्ञान-जम् | ajñāna-jam | accusative singular | born of ignorance. Agrees with tamaḥ (तमः). |
| तमः | tamaḥ | accusative of tamas (तमस्) | darkness. |
| नाशयामि | nāśayāmi | present, 1st singular, causative of naś (नश्) | I destroy. I make it perish. |
| आत्म-भाव-स्थः | ātma-bhāva-sthaḥ | nominative singular | standing in the being of the self. Describing aham (अहम्). |
| ज्ञान-दीपेन | jñāna-dīpena | instrumental singular | by the lamp of knowledge. |
| भास्वता | bhāsvatā | instrumental singular of bhāsvant (भास्वन्त्) | by the shining one. Agrees with dīpena (दीपेन). |
The phrases
तेषाम् एव अनुकम्पार्यम् teṣām eva anukampārtham is why he acts. For them, for compassion's sake. The eva (एव) keeps the gift with the people of the previous verse.
अहम् अज्ञानजं तमः नाशयामि aham ajñānajaṃ tamaḥ nāśayāmi is the act. He destroys the darkness born of ignorance. ātmabhāvasthaḥ (आत्मभावस्थः) says where he stands while he does it: in the being of the self. jñānadīpena bhāsvatā (ज्ञानदीपेन भास्वता) is the instrument, two words in the same case. The lamp of knowledge, the shining one.
Sanskrit in this line
nāśayāmi (नाशयामि) is causative. The --aya- (अय-) marks "I cause it to perish." naś (नश्) by itself is "perish." With the causative, he is the one who makes the darkness perish.
nāśayāmi (नाशयामि) + ātma (आत्म) is recited nāśayāmyātma (नाशयाम्यात्म). i (इ) + ā (आ) becomes yā (या). The i (इ) becomes the glide y (य्), and the ā (आ) remains.
Say it back
What he destroys, and what he destroys it with. tamaḥ (तमः), jñānadīpena (ज्ञानदीपेन). If the lamp is left out, stay here. The darkness and the lamp are the verse.