10.13
आहुस्त्वामृषयः सर्वे देवर्षिर्नारदस्तथा ।
असितो देवलो व्यासः स्वयं चैव ब्रवीषि मे ॥
āhus tvām ṛṣayaḥ sarve devarṣir nāradas tathā
asito devalo vyāsaḥ svayaṃ caiva bravīṣi me
Arjuna continues. The accusatives of 10.12 now get their verb.
The verse
All the sages say this of you, and so does the divine sage Nārada (नारद), and Asita, Devala, and Vyāsa (व्यास); and you yourself say it to me.
नेपालीमा
सबै ऋषिले तपाईंबारे यो कुरा भन्छन्, दिव्य ऋषि नारदले पनि, र असित, देवल तथा व्यासले पनि। तपाईं आफैँ पनि मलाई यो भन्नुहुन्छ।
Where it sits
Arjuna sets the sages and Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) on the same side. What 10.2 said the sages do not know, the origin, is not what he is quoting. He is quoting the names of 10.12, which match the way Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) has been speaking of himself. He accepts the speech.
Split: आहुः + त्वाम् + ऋषयः + सर्वे + देव-ऋषिः + नारदः + तथा + असितः + देवलः + व्यासः + स्वयम् + च + एव + ब्रवीषि + मे
āhuḥ + tvām + ṛṣayaḥ + sarve + deva-ṛṣiḥ + nāradaḥ + tathā + asitaḥ + devalaḥ + vyāsaḥ + svayam + ca + eva + bravīṣi + me
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| आहुः | āhuḥ | perfect, 3rd plural of ah (अह्) | they say. A perfect with a present sense. |
| त्वाम् | tvām | accusative | you. |
| ऋषयः | ṛṣayaḥ | nominative plural | the sages. |
| सर्वे | sarve | nominative plural of sarva (सर्व) | all. Agrees with ṛṣayaḥ (ऋषयः). The pronoun ending, as on pūrve (पूर्वे) in 10.6. |
| देव-ऋषिः | deva-ṛṣiḥ | nominative singular | the divine sage. Recited devarṣiḥ (देवर्षिः). |
| नारदः | nāradaḥ | nominative | Nārada (नारद). |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and so. Likewise. |
| असितः | asitaḥ | nominative | Asita (असित). |
| देवलः | devalaḥ | nominative | Devala (देवल). |
| व्यासः | vyāsaḥ | nominative | Vyāsa (व्यास). |
| स्वयम् | svayam | indeclinable | yourself. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| ब्रवीषि | bravīṣi | present, 2nd singular of brū (ब्रू) | you say. |
| मे | me | dative enclitic | to me. |
The phrases
आहुः त्वाम् ऋषयः सर्वे āhuḥ tvām ṛṣayaḥ sarve is the verb the last verse needed. All the sages say this of you. The "this" is the string of names in 10.12.
devarṣiḥ nāradaḥ tathā asitaḥ devalaḥ vyāsaḥ (देवर्षिः नारदः तथा असितः देवलः व्यासः) names speakers inside that "all." Nārada (नारद), the divine sage, and likewise Asita, Devala, and Vyāsa (व्यास). Three nominatives in a row after tathā (तथा). svayaṃ ca eva bravīṣi me (स्वयं च एव ब्रवीषि मे) puts his own mouth with theirs. You yourself say it to me.
Sanskrit in this line
āhuḥ (आहुः) is perfect, "they say." bravīṣi (ब्रवीषि) is present, "you say." The two verbs frame one report. The sages say it, and he says it. Perfect and present are both alive in the line.
deva-ṛṣiḥ (देव-ऋषिः) + nāradaḥ (नारदः) is devarṣir nāradaḥ (देवर्षिर्नारदः). Visarga after i (इ) before voiced n (न्) becomes r (र्). nāradaḥ (नारदः) + tathā (तथा) is nāradas tathā (नारदस्तथा). aḥ (अः) before voiceless t (त्) becomes s (स्). asitaḥ (असितः) + devalaḥ (देवलः) is asito devalaḥ (असितो देवलः). aḥ (अः) before voiced d (द्) becomes o (ओ).
Say it back
Who says it, and that he himself says it. āhuḥ (आहुः) and bravīṣi (ब्रवीषि). If the second verb is left as "they say" again, stay here. bravīṣi (ब्रवीषि) is "you say."