10.16
वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषेण दिव्या ह्यात्मविभूतयः ।
याभिर्विभूतिभिर्लोकानिमांस्त्वं व्याप्य तिष्ठसि ॥
vaktum arhasy aśeṣeṇa divyā hy ātmavibhūtayaḥ
yābhir vibhūtibhir lokān imāṃs tvaṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhasi
Arjuna continues. The request begins.
The verse
You are able to tell without remainder your divine splendors, by which splendors you stand pervading these worlds.
नेपालीमा
तपाईं आफ्ना दिव्य विभूति बाँकी नराखी भन्न सक्नुहुन्छ, जुन विभूतिले तपाईं यी लोक व्याप्त गरेर रहनुहुन्छ।
Where it sits
This is the first half of the request. 10.7 had named vibhūti (विभूति) as something to know. Arjuna now asks to be told it, and he asks for the whole extent. The answer will be a selection, with a rule for the rest.
Split: वक्तुम् + अर्हसि + अशेषेण + दिव्याः + हि + आत्म-विभूतयः + याभिः + विभूतिभिः + लोकान् + इमान् + त्वम् + व्याप्य + तिष्ठसि
vaktum + arhasi + aśeṣeṇa + divyāḥ + hi + ātma-vibhūtayaḥ + yābhiḥ + vibhūtibhiḥ + lokān + imān + tvam + vyāpya + tiṣṭhasi
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| वक्तुम् | vaktum | infinitive of vac (वच्) | to speak. To tell. |
| अर्हसि | arhasi | present, 2nd singular of arh (अर्ह्) | you are able. You ought. |
| अशेषेण | aśeṣeṇa | instrumental singular | without remainder. Completely. śeṣa (शेष) is what is left. |
| दिव्याः | divyāḥ | nominative plural feminine | divine. Agrees with vibhūtayaḥ (विभूतयः). |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | indeed. |
| आत्म-विभूतयः | ātma-vibhūtayaḥ | nominative plural | the splendors of yourself. |
| याभिः | yābhiḥ | instrumental plural feminine of yad (यद्) | by which. |
| विभूतिभिः | vibhūtibhiḥ | instrumental plural | by the splendors. Agrees with yābhiḥ (याभिः). |
| लोकान् | lokān | accusative plural | worlds. |
| इमान् | imān | accusative plural | these. Agrees with lokān (लोकान्). |
| त्वम् | tvam | nominative | you. |
| व्याप्य | vyāpya | gerund of vi-āp (वि-आप्) | having pervaded. |
| तिष्ठसि | tiṣṭhasi | present, 2nd singular of sthā (स्था) | you stand. |
The phrases
वक्तुम् अर्हसि अशेषेण दिव्याः हि आत्मविभूतयः vaktum arhasi aśeṣeṇa divyāḥ hi ātmavibhūtayaḥ is the request. You are able to tell, without remainder, the divine splendors of yourself. He asks for all of it. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) will answer the "without remainder" at 10.19 and again at 10.40.
याभिः विभूतिभिः लोकान् इमान् त्वं व्याप्य तिष्ठसि yābhiḥ vibhūtibhiḥ lokān imān tvaṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhasi says what those splendors are doing. By them he stands, having pervaded these worlds. The splendors are not decorations beside the world. They are the way the world is pervaded.
Sanskrit in this line
ātmavibhūtayaḥ (आत्मविभूतयः) is nominative plural. The accusative plural would be vibhūtīḥ (विभूतीः). The verse uses the nominative for the thing he asks to have told. divyāḥ (दिव्याः) can be either case; vibhūtayaḥ (विभूतयः) decides it. Read the nominative as what is to be spoken.
arhasi (अर्हसि) + aśeṣeṇa (अशेषेण) is arhasy aśeṣeṇa (अर्हस्यशेषेण). Final i (इ) before a vowel becomes y (य्). imān (इमान्) + tvam (त्वम्) is imāṃs tvam (इमांस्त्वम्). Final n (न्) before t (त्) becomes ṃs (ंस्).
Say it back
The infinitive and the limit he asks for. vaktum (वक्तुम्), aśeṣeṇa (अशेषेण). If aśeṣeṇa (अशेषेण) is softened to "some of them," stay here. He asked for no remainder. The answer will be the one that sets the limit.