10.15
स्वयमेवात्मनात्मानं वेत्थ त्वं पुरुषोत्तम ।
भूतभावन भूतेश देवदेव जगत्पते ॥
svayam evātmanātmānaṃ vettha tvaṃ puruṣottama
bhūtabhāvana bhūteśa devadeva jagatpate
Arjuna continues. If the gods do not know, the knower is the one he is speaking to.
The verse
You yourself, by yourself, know yourself, highest person, bringer of beings into being, lord of beings, god of gods, lord of the world.
नेपालीमा
हे सर्वोच्च पुरुष, प्राणीलाई अस्तित्वमा ल्याउने, प्राणीका स्वामी, देवताका देव, जगत्का स्वामी, तपाईं आफैँले आफैँद्वारा आफूलाई चिन्नुहुन्छ।
Where it sits
10.14 left no knower among gods or dānavas. This verse names the remaining knower. It is the ground of the request. He can tell the splendors because he knows himself.
Split: स्वयम् + एव + आत्मना + आत्मानम् + वेत्थ + त्वम् + पुरुष-उत्तम + भूत-भावन + भूत-ईश + देव-देव + जगत्-पते
svayam + eva + ātmanā + ātmānam + vettha + tvam + puruṣa-uttama + bhūta-bhāvana + bhūta-īśa + deva-deva + jagat-pate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| स्वयम् | svayam | indeclinable | yourself. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | alone. Indeed. |
| आत्मना | ātmanā | instrumental singular of ātman (आत्मन्) | by the self. |
| आत्मानम् | ātmānam | accusative singular | the self. |
| वेत्थ | vettha | perfect, 2nd singular of vid (विद्) | you know. |
| त्वम् | tvam | nominative | you. |
| पुरुष-उत्तम | puruṣa-uttama | vocative | highest person. Recited puruṣottama (पुरुषोत्तम). a (अ) + u (उ) becomes o (ओ). |
| भूत-भावन | bhūta-bhāvana | vocative | bringer of beings into being. |
| भूत-ईश | bhūta-īśa | vocative | lord of beings. Recited bhūteśa (भूतेश). |
| देव-देव | deva-deva | vocative | god of gods. |
| जगत्-पते | jagat-pate | vocative of jagat-pati (जगत्-पति) | lord of the world. |
The phrases
स्वयम् एव आत्मना आत्मानं वेत्थ त्वम् svayam eva ātmanā ātmānaṃ vettha tvam is the whole claim of the first line. You yourself, by yourself, know yourself. Three forms of ātman (आत्मन्) and the pronoun, around one verb. The gods do not know his vyakti (व्यक्ति). He knows his own self.
puruṣottama bhūtabhāvana bhūteśa devadeva jagatpate (पुरुषोत्तम भूतभावन भूतेश देवदेव जगत्पते) is five vocatives and no new statement. The address carries the rank he has just accepted. The request that this knowing be shared is the next verse.
Sanskrit in this line
vettha (वेत्थ) is perfect, second person singular, of vid (विद्), "you know." The same verb has already shown two other forms in this chapter. vetti (वेत्ति) in 10.3 and 10.7 is present, "he knows." viduḥ (विदुः) in 10.2 and 10.14 is perfect, "they know." vettha (वेत्थ) is "you know." One root, three persons, and the perfect is doing present work.
Say it back
Who knows, by what, and what is known. svayam (स्वयम्), ātmanā (आत्मना), ātmānam (आत्मानम्). If any one of the three is skipped, stay here.