10.18
विस्तरेणात्मनो योगं विभूतिं च जनार्दन ।
भूयः कथय तृप्तिर्हि शृण्वतो नास्ति मेऽमृतम् ॥
vistareṇātmano yogaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca janārdana
bhūyaḥ kathaya tṛptir hi śṛṇvato nāsti me 'mṛtam
Arjuna finishes. He asks a second time, and he says why.
The verse
Tell again at length, Janārdana, the yoga and the splendor of yourself, for I, hearing the nectar, have no satiety.
नेपालीमा
हे जनार्दन, आफ्नो योग र विभूति फेरि विस्तारले भन्नुहोस्। किनकि अमृत सुन्दै मलाई तृप्ति हुँदैन।
Where it sits
bhūyaḥ (भूयः) echoes the first word of the chapter. He was told to hear again. He asks to be told again. The speech that was offered as a supreme word is now something he cannot hear enough of. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) answers at 10.19, and the answer will not be the whole extent.
Split: विस्तरेण + आत्मनः + योगम् + विभूतिम् + च + जनार्दन + भूयः + कथय + तृप्तिः + हि + शृण्वतः + न + अस्ति + मे + अमृतम्
vistareṇa + ātmanaḥ + yogam + vibhūtim + ca + janārdana + bhūyaḥ + kathaya + tṛptiḥ + hi + śṛṇvataḥ + na + asti + me + amṛtam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| विस्तरेण | vistareṇa | instrumental singular | at length. By an extended telling. |
| आत्मनः | ātmanaḥ | genitive singular of ātman (आत्मन्) | of yourself. |
| योगम् | yogam | accusative singular | yoga. The yoking. |
| विभूतिम् | vibhūtim | accusative singular | splendor. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| जनार्दन | janārdana | vocative | Janārdana (जनार्दन). A name of Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). |
| भूयः | bhūyaḥ | indeclinable | again. The same word that opened 10.1. |
| कथय | kathaya | imperative, 2nd singular of kath (कथ्) | tell. |
| तृप्तिः | tṛptiḥ | nominative singular | satiety. The state of having enough. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. |
| शृण्वतः | śṛṇvataḥ | genitive singular, present participle of śru (श्रु) | of one who is hearing. Agrees with me (मे). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| अस्ति | asti | present, 3rd singular of as (अस्) | there is. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | of me. For me. |
| अमृतम् | amṛtam | accusative singular | the nectar. The deathless. Object of the hearing. |
The phrases
vistareṇa ātmanaḥ yogaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca (विस्तरेण आत्मनः योगं विभूतिं च) is what he wants told, and how fully. At length, the yoga and the splendor of yourself. The two words are the pair 10.7 joined, vibhūtim (विभूतिम्) and yogam (योगम्). janārdana (जनार्दन) is the address, set in the middle of the request.
bhūyaḥ kathaya (भूयः कथय) is the imperative, "tell again." tṛptiḥ hi śṛṇvataḥ na asti me amṛtam (तृप्तिः हि शृण्वतः न अस्ति मे अमृतम्) is the reason. For me, as I hear the nectar, there is no satiety. śṛṇvataḥ (शृण्वतः) agrees with me (मे) and takes amṛtam (अमृतम्) as what is heard.
Sanskrit in this line
me (मे) + amṛtam (अमृतम्) is recited me 'mṛtam (मेऽमृतम्). e (ए) + a (अ) keeps the e (ए) and marks the lost a (अ) with ऽ. The same avagraha as te 'ham (तेऽहम्) in 10.1.
śṛṇvataḥ (शृण्वतः) is genitive of the participle śṛṇvant (शृण्वन्त्). Participles take the case of the person they describe. me (मे) is genitive, so the hearing is genitive. A participle in the genitive can still govern an accusative object. amṛtam (अमृतम्) is that object.
Say it back
The imperative and the reason. kathaya (कथय), and na asti tṛptiḥ (न अस्ति तृप्तिः). If amṛtam (अमृतम्) comes out as a drink on the field, stay here. It is the speech he is hearing.