10.42
अथवा बहुनैतेन किं ज्ञातेन तवार्जुन ।
विष्टभ्याहमिदं कृत्स्नमेकांशेन स्थितो जगत् ॥
athavā bahunaitena kiṃ jñātena tavārjuna
viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) ends the chapter. The list, and even the long knowing of it, is set under one portion.
The verse
Or what use is all this knowing to you, Arjuna? I stand pervading this whole world with a single portion.
नेपालीमा
हे अर्जुन, यो सबै जानेर तिमीलाई के काम। म एक अंशले यो सारा जगत् व्याप्त गरेर उभिन्छु।
Where it sits
The last verse of the chapter. The request for the splendors has been answered by a list, by the self in the heart, and by the rule of the portion. He ends on something smaller than the list and larger than it. One portion holds the world. The talk is about to leave the catalogue.
Split: अथवा + बहुना + एतेन + किम् + ज्ञातेन + तव + अर्जुन + विष्टभ्य + अहम् + इदम् + कृत्स्नम् + एक-अंशेन + स्थितः + जगत्
athavā + bahunā + etena + kim + jñātena + tava + arjuna + viṣṭabhya + aham + idam + kṛtsnam + eka-aṃśena + sthitaḥ + jagat
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अथवा | athavā | indeclinable | or. On the other hand. |
| बहुना | bahunā | instrumental singular | by much. By this great amount. |
| एतेन | etena | instrumental singular | by this. Agrees with jñātena (ज्ञातेन). |
| किम् | kim | indeclinable | what. What use. |
| ज्ञातेन | jñātena | instrumental singular, past participle of jñā (ज्ञा) | by its being known. By knowing it. |
| तव | tava | genitive | of you. For you. |
| अर्जुन | arjuna | vocative | Arjuna. |
| विष्टभ्य | viṣṭabhya | gerund of vi-stambh (वि-स्तम्भ्) | having pervaded and held. Having propped throughout. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| इदम् | idam | accusative singular neuter | this. Agrees with jagat (जगत्). |
| कृत्स्नम् | kṛtsnam | accusative singular neuter | entire. Whole. Agrees with jagat (जगत्). |
| एक-अंशेन | eka-aṃśena | instrumental singular | by one portion. Recited ekāṃśena (एकांशेन). The aṃśa (अंश) of 10.41. |
| स्थितः | sthitaḥ | nominative singular | standing. Seated. Agrees with aham (अहम्). |
| जगत् | jagat | accusative singular | the world. Object of viṣṭabhya (विष्टभ्य). |
The phrases
athavā bahunā etena kiṃ jñātena tava (अथवा बहुना एतेन किं ज्ञातेन तव) sets the catalogue down. Or what use to you is all this being known? bahunā etena jñātena (बहुना एतेन ज्ञातेन) is instrumental, "by this much having been known." kim (किम्) is "what," the question that means "what is the point."
विष्टभ्य अहम् इदं कृत्स्नम् एकांशेन स्थितः जगत् viṣṭabhya aham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthitaḥ jagat is the point he puts in its place. He stands, having pervaded and held this entire world with a single portion. ekāṃśena (एकांशेन) is the same aṃśa (अंश) as the portion of splendor. One portion is enough for the whole world.
Sanskrit in this line
sthitaḥ (स्थितः) is masculine. It agrees with aham (अहम्). jagat (जगत्) is neuter, so sthitaḥ (स्थितः) cannot be describing the world. He is the one standing. The world is what the gerund has taken: idam kṛtsnam jagat (इदम् कृत्स्नम् जगत्), "this entire world," the object of viṣṭabhya (विष्टभ्य).
viṣṭabhya (विष्टभ्य) is a gerund of a verb that has a prefix, so the ending is --ya (य), not --tvā (त्वा). The person of a gerund is the subject of the main verb. The subject is aham (अहम्).
Say it back
The one portion, and who is standing. ekāṃśena (एकांशेन), sthitaḥ (स्थितः). If sthitaḥ (स्थितः) is given to the world, stay here. The gender is his.