11.32
श्रीभगवानुवाच
कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो
लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः ।
ऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे
येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
kālo 'smi lokakṣayakṛt pravṛddho
lokān samāhartum iha pravṛttaḥ
ṛte 'pi tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti sarve
ye 'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking. The line is recited śrībhagavānuvāca (श्रीभगवानुवाच). It stands outside the meter. The speaker is Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), answering 11.31. Meter: triṣṭubh (त्रिष्टुभ्). Four quarters, eleven syllables each, forty-four in the verse.
The verse
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) said: I am time, grown great, destroyer of worlds, set out here to gather the worlds in; even without you, all the warriors arrayed in the opposing armies will not be.
नेपालीमा
कृष्णले भने, म बढेर महान् भएको, लोकको नाश गर्ने काल हुँ। म यहाँ लोक समेट्न निस्केको छु। तिमी नभए पनि विरोधी सेनामा उभिएका सबै योद्धा रहने छैनन्।
Where it sits
The question of 11.31 is answered in one name. The mouths were time. The warriors Arjuna (अर्जुन) saw entering them are already not going to remain, whether he fights or not. 11.33 will tell him what that leaves him.
Split: कालः + अस्मि + लोक-क्षय-कृत् + प्रवृद्धः + लोकान् + समाहर्तुम् + इह + प्रवृत्तः + ऋते + अपि + त्वाम् + न + भविष्यन्ति + सर्वे + ये + अवस्थिताः + प्रति-अनीकेषु + योधाः
kālaḥ + asmi + loka-kṣaya-kṛt + pravṛddhaḥ + lokān + samāhartum + iha + pravṛttaḥ + ṛte + api + tvām + na + bhaviṣyanti + sarve + ye + avasthitāḥ + prati-anīkeṣu + yodhāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| कालः | kālaḥ | nominative | time. |
| अस्मि | asmi | present, 1st singular | I am. |
| लोक-क्षय-कृत् | loka-kṣaya-kṛt | nominative | the maker of the destruction of worlds. kṛt (कृत्) is "maker." kṣaya (क्षय) is destruction. |
| प्रवृद्धः | pravṛddhaḥ | nominative | grown great. Fully grown. |
| लोकान् | lokān | accusative plural | the worlds. |
| समाहर्तुम् | samāhartum | infinitive | to gather in. To draw together to an end. |
| इह | iha | indeclinable | here. |
| प्रवृत्तः | pravṛttaḥ | nominative | set out. Engaged. |
| ऋते | ṛte | indeclinable | without. Except. It takes the accusative. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | even. |
| त्वाम् | tvām | accusative | you. The object of ṛte (ऋते). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| भविष्यन्ति | bhaviṣyanti | future, 3rd plural | they will be. |
| सर्वे | sarve | nominative plural | all. |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. |
| अवस्थिताः | avasthitāḥ | nominative plural | standing. Arrayed. |
| प्रति-अनीकेषु | prati-anīkeṣu | locative plural | in the opposing armies. anīka (अनीक) is a host. |
| योधाः | yodhāḥ | nominative plural | the warriors. |
The phrases
kālaḥ asmi loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddhaḥ (कालः अस्मि लोक-क्षय-कृत् प्रवृद्धः) is the name. I am time, grown great, the destroyer of worlds. This answers kaḥ bhavān (कः भवान्).
लोकान् समाहर्तुम् इह प्रवृत्तः lokān samāhartum iha pravṛttaḥ is the activity he said he did not understand. I am set out here to gather the worlds in. This answers pravṛttim (प्रवृत्तिम्).
ṛte api tvām na bhaviṣyanti sarve ye avasthitāḥ prati-anīkeṣu yodhāḥ (ऋते अपि त्वाम् न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे ये अवस्थिताः प्रति-अनीकेषु योधाः) is the battle already finished. Even without you, all the warriors standing in the opposing hosts will not be.
Sanskrit in this line
कालः + अस्मि kālaḥ + asmi is recited kālo 'smi (कालोऽस्मि). aḥ (अः) plus a (अ) is o (ओ) and ऽ. ṛte (ऋते) governs the accusative tvām (त्वाम्): "without you," "even leaving you aside." ये + अवस्थिताः ye + avasthitāḥ is ye 'vasthitāḥ (येऽवस्थिताः), the same avagraha, e (ए) before a (अ).
Say it back
The name, and whether the warriors remain if he stands aside. If ṛte api tvām (ऋते अपि त्वाम्) comes out as "only if you strike," the verse was reversed. They will not be, even without him.