11.34
द्रोणं च भीष्मं च जयद्रथं च
कर्णं तथान्यानपि योधवीरान् ।
मया हतांस्त्वं जहि मा व्यथिष्ठा
युध्यस्व जेतासि रणे सपत्नान् ॥
droṇaṃ ca bhīṣmaṃ ca jayadrathaṃ ca
karṇaṃ tathānyān api yodhavīrān
mayā hatāṃs tvaṃ jahi mā vyathiṣṭhā
yudhyasva jetāsi raṇe sapatnān
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). Meter: triṣṭubh (त्रिष्टुभ्). Four quarters, eleven syllables each, forty-four in the verse.
The verse
Droṇa (द्रोण), Bhīṣma (भीष्म), Jayadratha (जयद्रथ), Karṇa (कर्ण), and the other hero-warriors as well, already struck by me: you strike them, do not tremble; fight, you will conquer the rivals in battle.
नेपालीमा
द्रोण, भीष्म, जयद्रथ, कर्ण र अरू वीर योद्धाहरू पनि मैले पहिले नै हानिसकेको छु, तिमी तिनीहरूलाई हान, नकाँप। लड, तिमी युद्धमा प्रतिद्वन्द्वीलाई जित्नेछौ।
Where it sits
nimitta-mātram (निमित्त-मात्रम्) does not mean "stand aside." It means strike men already struck. The speech of Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) ends here. Sañjaya (सञ्जय) will show Arjuna (अर्जुन) shaking anyway, and speaking again.
Split: द्रोणम् + च + भीष्मम् + च + जयद्रथम् + च + कर्णम् + तथा + अन्यान् + अपि + योध-वीरान् + मया + हतान् + त्वम् + जहि + मा + व्यथिष्ठाः + युध्यस्व + जेतासि + रणे + सपत्नान्
droṇam + ca + bhīṣmam + ca + jayadratham + ca + karṇam + tathā + anyān + api + yodha-vīrān + mayā + hatān + tvam + jahi + mā + vyathiṣṭhāḥ + yudhyasva + jetāsi + raṇe + sapatnān
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| द्रोणम् | droṇam | accusative | Droṇa (द्रोण). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| भीष्मम् | bhīṣmam | accusative | Bhīṣma (भीष्म). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| जयद्रथम् | jayadratham | accusative | Jayadratha (जयद्रथ). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| कर्णम् | karṇam | accusative | Karṇa (कर्ण). |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and. |
| अन्यान् | anyān | accusative plural | others. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | also. |
| योध-वीरान् | yodha-vīrān | accusative plural | the hero-warriors. |
| मया | mayā | instrumental | by me. |
| हतान् | hatān | accusative plural | struck. Already slain. |
| त्वम् | tvam | nominative | you. |
| जहि | jahi | imperative, 2nd singular of han (हन्) | strike. |
| मा | mā | indeclinable | do not. |
| व्यथिष्ठाः | vyathiṣṭhāḥ | aorist injunctive, 2nd singular | you should tremble. With mā (मा), "do not tremble." |
| युध्यस्व | yudhyasva | imperative, 2nd singular, middle | fight. |
| जेतासि | jetāsi | periphrastic future, 2nd singular | you will conquer. |
| रणे | raṇe | locative | in battle. |
| सपत्नान् | sapatnān | accusative plural | the rivals. |
The phrases
द्रोणम् च भीष्मम् च जयद्रथम् च कर्णम् तथा अन्यान् अपि योध-वीरान् droṇam ca bhīṣmam ca jayadratham ca karṇam tathā anyān api yodha-vīrān names them in the accusative. The teacher, the grandsire, Jayadratha (जयद्रथ), Karṇa (कर्ण), and the other heroes. These are the men of 11.26.
mayā hatān tvam jahi mā vyathiṣṭhāḥ (मया हतान् त्वम् जहि मा व्यथिष्ठाः) is the double act. Struck by me, you strike them. Do not tremble. The trembling he already confessed is refused.
yudhyasva jetāsi raṇe sapatnān (युध्यस्व जेतासि रणे सपत्नान्) is the promise with the command. Fight. You will conquer the rivals in battle.
Sanskrit in this line
mā (मा) takes the unaugmented aorist, the injunctive. vyathiṣṭhāḥ (व्यथिष्ठाः) is that form, second person singular of vyath (व्यथ्), "tremble." The past-time a- (अ-) is left off because mā (मा) is already the prohibition. āḥ (आः) before yudhyasva (युध्यस्व) drops its visarga, so the line ends vyathiṣṭhā (व्यथिष्ठा). jetāsi (जेतासि) is jetā (जेता), "conqueror," plus asi (असि), "you are," and together they are the future: "you will conquer."
Say it back
Who has already struck them, and what mā (मा) forbids. If he is told to tremble, the prohibition was reversed.