12.5
क्लेशोऽधिकतरस्तेषामव्यक्तासक्तचेतसाम् ।
अव्यक्ता हि गतिर्दुःखं देहवद्भिरवाप्यते ॥
kleśo 'dhikataras teṣām avyaktāsaktacetasām
avyaktā hi gatir duḥkhaṃ dehavadbhir avāpyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. teṣām (तेषाम्) is the people of 12.3 and 12.4.
The verse
Greater is the toil of those whose mind clings to the unmanifest, for the unmanifest goal is reached with pain by those who have a body.
नेपालीमा
अव्यक्तमा मन टाँसिएकाहरूको श्रम ठूलो हुन्छ। किनकि शरीर भएकाहरूले अव्यक्त लक्ष्य दुःखले पाउँछन्।
Where it sits
12.4 said they do reach him. This verse says the reaching is the harder one for a person in a body. The path he is about to give Arjuna (अर्जुन) is the other one.
Split: क्लेशः + अधिक-तरः + तेषाम् + अव्यक्त-आसक्त-चेतसाम् + अव्यक्ता + हि + गतिः + दुःखम् + देह-वद्भिः + अवाप्यते
kleśaḥ + adhika-taraḥ + teṣām + avyakta-āsakta-cetasām + avyaktā + hi + gatiḥ + duḥkham + deha-vadbhiḥ + avāpyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| क्लेशः | kleśaḥ | nominative singular | toil. The pain of the work. |
| अधिक-तरः | adhika-taraḥ | nominative singular | greater. adhika (अधिक) "more," -tara (तर) the comparative. |
| तेषाम् | teṣām | genitive plural | of them. |
| अव्यक्त-आसक्त-चेतसाम् | avyakta-āsakta-cetasām | genitive plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | of those whose mind clings to the unmanifest. cetas (चेतस्) "mind." |
| अव्यक्ता | avyaktā | nominative feminine | unmanifest. Agrees with gatiḥ (गतिः). |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. It gives the reason. |
| गतिः | gatiḥ | nominative feminine | the way, the goal one goes to. |
| दुःखम् | duḥkham | accusative singular, adverbial | with pain. |
| देह-वद्भिः | deha-vadbhiḥ | instrumental plural of deha-vat (देह-वत्) | by those who have a body. |
| अवाप्यते | avāpyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is reached. From ava-āp (अव-आप्). |
The phrases
क्लेशः अधिकतरः तेषाम् अव्यक्तासक्तचेतसाम् kleśaḥ adhikataras teṣām avyaktāsaktacetasām is the cost. The toil is greater for the ones whose mind clings to the unmanifest. Greater than the toil of the worship he has just called most yoked.
avyaktā hi gatiḥ duḥkhaṃ dehavadbhiḥ avāpyate (अव्यक्ता हि गतिः दुःखं देहवद्भिः अवाप्यते) is why. The unmanifest goal is reached with pain by people who bear a body. gatiḥ (गतिः) is the subject. duḥkham (दुःखम्) says how the reaching feels. deha-vadbhiḥ (देह-वद्भिः) is the people, in the instrumental.
Sanskrit in this line
क्लेशः + अधिकतरः kleśaḥ + adhikataraḥ is recited kleśo 'dhikataraḥ (क्लेशोऽधिकतरः). अः + अ aḥ + a becomes o (ओ), and the second a (अ) drops. The mark ऽ is that dropped a (अ), not a sound. Then adhikataraḥ (अधिकतरः) before teṣām (तेषाम्) is adhikataras (अधिकतरस्): aḥ (अः) before voiceless t (त्) becomes as (अस्). The run is one recitation, kleśo 'dhikataras teṣām (क्लेशोऽधिकतरस्तेषाम्).
Say it back
Whose toil is greater, and why. If deha-vadbhiḥ (देह-वद्भिः) is left out, the reason for the pain is gone.