12.15
यस्मान्नोद्विजते लोको लोकान्नोद्विजते च यः ।
हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैर्मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियः ॥
yasmān nodvijate loko lokān nodvijate ca yaḥ
harṣāmarṣabhayodvegair mukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. sa ca (स च) adds another dear one to 12.14.
The verse
He from whom the world does not shrink, and who does not shrink from the world, freed from joy, resentment, fear, and agitation — he too is dear to me.
नेपालीमा
जसबाट संसार पछि हट्दैन, र जो संसारबाट पछि हट्दैन, हर्ष, रिस, भय र उद्वेगबाट मुक्त, ऊ पनि मलाई प्रिय छ।
Where it sits
12.14 said the devotee is dear. This verse adds the man who disturbs no one and is disturbed by no one, and the ca (च) on sa (स) keeps him in the same list.
Split: यस्मात् + न + उद्विजते + लोकः + लोकात् + न + उद्विजते + च + यः + हर्ष-अमर्ष-भय-उद्वेगैः + मुक्तः + यः + सः + च + मे + प्रियः
yasmāt + na + udvijate + lokaḥ + lokāt + na + udvijate + ca + yaḥ + harṣa-amarṣa-bhaya-udvegaiḥ + muktaḥ + yaḥ + saḥ + ca + me + priyaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यस्मात् | yasmāt | ablative of yad (यद्) | from whom. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| उद्विजते | udvijate | present, 3rd singular, middle | is agitated, shrinks. From ud-vij (उद्-विज्). |
| लोकः | lokaḥ | nominative | the world. People. |
| लोकात् | lokāt | ablative | from the world. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| उद्विजते | udvijate | present, 3rd singular, middle | shrinks. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative | who. |
| हर्ष-अमर्ष-भय-उद्वेगैः | harṣa-amarṣa-bhaya-udvegaiḥ | instrumental plural | by joy, resentment, fear, and agitation. amarṣa (अमर्ष) is the heat of not bearing something. |
| मुक्तः | muktaḥ | nominative singular | freed. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative | who. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative | he. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. Also. |
| मे | me | dative | to me. |
| प्रियः | priyaḥ | nominative | dear. |
The phrases
yasmāt na udvijate lokaḥ (यस्मात् न उद्विजते लोकः) is the first relative. From whom the world does not shrink. lokaḥ (लोकः) is the subject of this udvijate (उद्विजते). yasmāt na (यस्मात् न) is yasmān na (यस्मान्न), and न + उद्विजते na + udvijate is nodvijate (नोद्विजते).
lokāt na udvijate ca yaḥ (लोकात् न उद्विजते च यः) turns the same verb around. And who does not shrink from the world. Here yaḥ (यः) is the subject. lokaḥ lokāt (लोकः लोकात्) is recited loko lokāt (लोको लोकात्).
harṣāmarṣabhayodvegaiḥ muktaḥ yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ (हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैः मुक्तः यः स च मे प्रियः) is the same man, freed, and the refrain. Joy, resentment, fear, agitation: he is loosed from them. He too is dear to me. The instrumental plural is one ending on four names. हर्ष + अमर्ष harṣa + amarṣa is harṣāmarṣa (हर्षामर्ष). भय + उद्वेग bhaya + udvega is bhayodvega (भयोद्वेग). The instrumental before muktaḥ (मुक्तः) is recited -एर् -air.
Sanskrit in this line
udvijate (उद्विजते) is said twice, with two ablatives. yasmāt (यस्मात्) answers "from whom" — the world is the subject. lokāt (लोकात्) answers "from what" — yaḥ (यः) is the subject. Same verb, the direction reversed. Do not give both clauses the same subject.
Say it back
The two directions of udvijate (उद्विजते), then the refrain. If both clauses have the world shrinking, the second ablative was missed.