12.17
यो न हृष्यति न द्वेष्टि न शोचति न काङ्क्षति ।
शुभाशुभपरित्यागी भक्तिमान्यः स मे प्रियः ॥
yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati
śubhāśubhaparityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. Four verbs, each with na (न), and the refrain again.
The verse
Who does not rejoice, does not hate, does not grieve, does not long, who has given up the good and the not-good, and who has devotion — he is dear to me.
नेपालीमा
जो रमाउँदैन, घृणा गर्दैन, शोक गर्दैन, आकाङ्क्षा गर्दैन, जसले शुभ र अशुभ छाडेको छ, र जसमा भक्ति छ, ऊ मलाई प्रिय छ।
Where it sits
12.13 opened with the one who does not hate. This verse sets that among four refusals, and puts devotion on the same man the refrain keeps calling dear.
Split: यः + न + हृष्यति + न + द्वेष्टि + न + शोचति + न + काङ्क्षति + शुभ-अशुभ-परित्यागी + भक्तिमान् + यः + सः + मे + प्रियः
yaḥ + na + hṛṣyati + na + dveṣṭi + na + śocati + na + kāṅkṣati + śubha-aśubha-parityāgī + bhaktimān + yaḥ + saḥ + me + priyaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| हृष्यति | hṛṣyati | present, 3rd singular | rejoices, is thrilled. From hṛṣ (हृष्). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| द्वेष्टि | dveṣṭi | present, 3rd singular | hates. From dviṣ (द्विष्). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| शोचति | śocati | present, 3rd singular | grieves. From śuc (शुच्). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| काङ्क्षति | kāṅkṣati | present, 3rd singular | longs. From kāṅkṣ (काङ्क्ष्). |
| शुभ-अशुभ-परित्यागी | śubha-aśubha-parityāgī | nominative singular | one who has given up the good and the not-good. |
| भक्तिमान् | bhaktimān | nominative of bhaktimat (भक्तिमत्) | one who has devotion. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. |
| मे | me | dative | to me. |
| प्रियः | priyaḥ | nominative singular | dear. |
The phrases
yaḥ na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati (यः न हृष्यति न द्वेष्टि न शोचति न काङ्क्षति) is what he does not do. He does not thrill, he does not hate, he does not grieve, he does not long. Four presents, four na (न). yaḥ na (यः न) is recited yo na (यो न).
śubhāśubhaparityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ (शुभाशुभपरित्यागी भक्तिमान् यः स मे प्रियः) is the other half. Who has given up the fair and the unfair outcome, and who has devotion — he is dear to me. शुभ + अशुभ śubha + aśubha is śubhāśubha (शुभाशुभ). bhaktimān yaḥ (भक्तिमान् यः) is recited bhaktimān yaḥ (भक्तिमान्यः): the n (न्) stays before y (य्).
Sanskrit in this line
bhaktimān (भक्तिमान्) is the nominative of a --mat (मत्) stem, "possessing." bhakti (भक्ति) "devotion," plus --mat (मत्), "having." The nominative singular is --mān (मान्), not a visarga. It agrees with yaḥ (यः). The four verbs agree with that same yaḥ (यः), which is why they are third person, not a command.
Say it back
The four things he does not do, then bhaktimān (भक्तिमान्). If one of the four na (न) drops, that act was handed back to him.