12.20
ये तु धर्म्यामृतमिदं यथोक्तं पर्युपासते ।
श्रद्दधाना मत्परमा भक्तास्तेऽतीव मे प्रियाः ॥
ye tu dharmyāmṛtam idaṃ yathoktaṃ paryupāsate
śraddadhānā matparamā bhaktās te 'tīva me priyāḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. tu (तु) gathers the people who take up this whole teaching.
The verse
Those who take up this deathless dharma as it has been said, trusting, holding me as supreme — those devotees are exceedingly dear to me.
नेपालीमा
जसरी भनिएको छ त्यसरी यो अमर धर्म अपनाउने, श्रद्धा राख्ने, मलाई सर्वोच्च ठान्ने ती भक्तहरू मलाई अत्यन्त प्रिय छन्।
Where it sits
The singular refrain was me priyaḥ (मे प्रियः). The chapter ends in the plural, and atīva (अतीव) raises it: exceedingly dear. The people are the ones who practice what has just been said.
Split: ये + तु + धर्म्य-अमृतम् + इदम् + यथा + उक्तम् + पर्युपासते + श्रद्दधानाः + मत्-परमाः + भक्ताः + ते + अतीव + मे + प्रियाः
ye + tu + dharmya-amṛtam + idam + yathā + uktam + paryupāsate + śraddadhānāḥ + mat-paramāḥ + bhaktāḥ + te + atīva + me + priyāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | and. But, the gathering word. |
| धर्म्य-अमृतम् | dharmya-amṛtam | accusative singular neuter | the deathless teaching that accords with dharma. dharmya (धर्म्य) "right, of dharma." amṛta (अमृत) "deathless." |
| इदम् | idam | accusative singular neuter | this. Agrees with amṛtam (अमृतम्). |
| यथा | yathā | indeclinable | as. |
| उक्तम् | uktam | accusative singular neuter | said. From vac (वच्). |
| पर्युपासते | paryupāsate | present, 3rd plural, middle | they take it up. They worship. The verb of 12.1, now on this teaching. |
| श्रद्दधानाः | śraddadhānāḥ | nominative plural | trusting. Present participle of śrad-dhā (श्रद्-धा). |
| मत्-परमाः | mat-paramāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those for whom I am the supreme. parama (परम) "supreme." |
| भक्ताः | bhaktāḥ | nominative plural | devotees. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. |
| अतीव | atīva | indeclinable | exceedingly. ati (अति) "beyond," iva (इव). |
| मे | me | dative | to me. |
| प्रियाः | priyāḥ | nominative plural | dear. |
The phrases
ये तु धर्म्यामृतम् इदम् यथा उक्तं पर्युपासते ye tu dharmyāmṛtam idam yathā uktaṃ paryupāsate is who, and what they practice. Those who take up this deathless dharma as it has been said. धर्म्य + अमृतम् dharmya + amṛtam is dharmyāmṛtam (धर्म्यामृतम्). यथा + उक्तम् yathā + uktam is yathoktam (यथोक्तम्): आ + उ ā + u becomes o (ओ). idam (इदम्) is this chapter's teaching, the thing just said.
śraddadhānāḥ matparamāḥ bhaktāḥ te atīva me priyāḥ (श्रद्दधानाः मत्परमाः भक्ताः ते अतीव मे प्रियाः) is the close. Trusting, holding me as supreme, those devotees are exceedingly dear to me. śraddadhānāḥ (श्रद्दधानाः) and mat-paramāḥ (मत्-परमाः) lose the visarga before a voiced consonant: śraddadhānā matparamā (श्रद्दधाना मत्परमा). bhaktāḥ te (भक्ताः ते) is bhaktās te (भक्तास्ते). ते + अतीव te + atīva is te 'tīva (तेऽतीव).
Sanskrit in this line
ते + अतीव te + atīva is recited te 'tīva (तेऽतीव). ए + अ e + a keeps the e (ए) and drops the a (अ) of atīva (अतीव). The ऽ marks that dropped a (अ). Before it, भक्ताः + ते bhaktāḥ + te has already become bhaktās te (भक्तास्ते). The whole run is bhaktās te 'tīva (भक्तास्तेऽतीव). priyāḥ (प्रियाः) is plural because ye (ये) was plural. The one man of 12.14 has become the company of those who practice this.
Say it back
What they take up, and how dear they are. If atīva (अतीव) drops out, the last word of the chapter was flattened to the refrain.