13.2
श्रीभगवानुवाच
इदं शरीरं कौन्तेय क्षेत्रमित्यभिधीयते ।
एतद्यो वेत्ति तं प्राहुः क्षेत्रज्ञ इति तद्विदः ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
idaṃ śarīraṃ kaunteya kṣetram ity abhidhīyate
etad yo vetti taṃ prāhuḥ kṣetrajña iti tadvidaḥ
Śrī Bhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The n (न्) of bhagavān (भगवान्) joins uvāca (उवाच), so the line is recited śrībhagavānuvāca (श्रीभगवानुवाच). It stands outside the meter. The speaker is Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण).
The verse
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) said: This body, son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), is called the field, and the one who knows it, the knowers of that call the knower of the field.
नेपालीमा
कृष्णले भन्नुभयो, हे कुन्तीका छोरा, यो शरीरलाई क्षेत्र भनिन्छ, र यसलाई जसले जान्छ, उसलाई त्यसका जान्नेहरूले क्षेत्रज्ञ भन्छन्।
Where it sits
This is the answer to the second pair in 13.1: the body is the field, and the one who knows the body is the knower of the field, numbered 13.2 here, where a book that leaves the question out numbers this answer 13.1. Śaṅkarācārya (शङ्कराचार्य)'s commentary is that book: this verse is his 13.1, his Chapter 13 has 34 verses, and his Gītā (गीता) has 700.
Split: इदम् + शरीरम् + कौन्तेय + क्षेत्रम् + इति + अभिधीयते + एतत् + यः + वेत्ति + तम् + प्राहुः + क्षेत्रज्ञः + इति + तद्विदः
idam + śarīram + kaunteya + kṣetram + iti + abhidhīyate + etat + yaḥ + vetti + tam + prāhuḥ + kṣetrajñaḥ + iti + tadvidaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| इदम् | idam | nominative singular neuter | this. |
| शरीरम् | śarīram | nominative singular neuter | the body. |
| कौन्तेय | kaunteya | vocative | son of Kuntī (कुन्ती). Arjuna (अर्जुन). |
| क्षेत्रम् | kṣetram | nominative singular neuter | the field. Agrees with idam (इदम्) and with śarīram (शरीरम्). |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. The mark that the name has been given. |
| अभिधीयते | abhidhīyate | present passive, 3rd singular of abhi-dhā (अभि-धा) | is called. |
| एतत् | etat | accusative singular neuter | this. The field just named. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| वेत्ति | vetti | present, 3rd singular of vid (विद्) | knows. |
| तम् | tam | accusative singular | him. |
| प्राहुः | prāhuḥ | perfect, 3rd plural of pra-brū (प्र-ब्रू), present in sense | they call. |
| क्षेत्रज्ञः | kṣetrajñaḥ | nominative singular | the knower of the field. The name inside the iti (इति). |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It closes the name they give him. |
| तद्विदः | tadvidaḥ | nominative plural of tadvid (तद्विद्) | the knowers of that. tat (तत्) "that," vid (विद्) "who knows." |
The phrases
इदं शरीरं कौन्तेय क्षेत्रम् इति अभिधीयते idaṃ śarīraṃ kaunteya kṣetram iti abhidhīyate is the name. This body is called the field. क्षेत्रम् + इति kṣetram + iti is recited kṣetram iti (क्षेत्रमिति). इति + अभिधीयते iti + abhidhīyate is recited ity abhidhīyate (इत्यभिधीयते).
etad yaḥ vetti tam prāhuḥ (एतद् यः वेत्ति तम् प्राहुः) is the person and the calling. Who knows this, him they call. The callers are tadvidaḥ (तद्विदः), the ones who know that.
kṣetrajña iti (क्षेत्रज्ञ इति) is the name they use. The ḥ (ः) of kṣetrajñaḥ (क्षेत्रज्ञः) drops before iti (इति). The quoted word is "knower of the field."
Sanskrit in this line
इ + a different vowel becomes y (य्). इति + अभिधीयते iti + abhidhīyate is ity abhidhīyate (इत्यभिधीयते).
यः + वेत्ति yaḥ + vetti is yo vetti (यो वेत्ति). Visarga after a (अ), before a voiced consonant, becomes o (ओ). एतत् + यः etat + yaḥ has already voiced the t (त्) to d (द्), so the recited join is etad yo (एतद्यो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what is called the field, and who is called the knower. If śarīram (शरीरम्) comes out as the knower, stay here.