13.9
इन्द्रियार्थेषु वैराग्यमनहंकार एव च ।
जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिदुःखदोषानुदर्शनम् ॥
indriyārtheṣu vairāgyam anahaṃkāra eva ca
janmamṛtyujarāvyādhiduḥkhadoṣānudarśanam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The verse has no finite verb. The list of knowledge continues.
The verse
Dispassion toward the objects of the senses, and absence of I-making, and seeing the fault in the pain of birth, death, old age, and disease.
नेपालीमा
इन्द्रियका विषयप्रति वैराग्य, र अहंकारको अभाव, र जन्म, मृत्यु, बुढ्यौली र रोगको दुःखमा दोष देख्नु।
Where it sits
13.8 was conduct toward people and toward oneself, and this verse turns the same list of qualities to the objects of the senses, to the absence of the I-maker, and to the life a body has.
Split: इन्द्रिय-अर्थेषु + वैराग्यम् + अनहंकारः + एव + च + जन्म-मृत्यु-जरा-व्याधि-दुःख-दोष-अनुदर्शनम्
indriya-artheṣu + vairāgyam + anahaṃkāraḥ + eva + ca + janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣa-anudarśanam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| इन्द्रिय-अर्थेषु | indriya-artheṣu | locative plural | in the objects of the senses. artha (अर्थ) is the thing a sense is aimed at. |
| वैराग्यम् | vairāgyam | nominative singular | dispassion. The state of being without rāga (राग), the dye of wanting. |
| अनहंकारः | anahaṃkāraḥ | nominative singular | absence of I-making. The ahaṃkāra (अहंकार) of 13.6, here refused. Recited anahaṃkāra (अनहंकार) before eva (एव). |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| जन्म-मृत्यु-जरा-व्याधि-दुःख-दोष-अनुदर्शनम् | janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣa-anudarśanam | nominative singular | seeing the fault in the pain of birth, death, old age, and disease. janma (जन्म) birth, mṛtyu (मृत्यु) death, jarā (जरा) old age, vyādhi (व्याधि) sickness, duḥkha (दुःख) pain, doṣa (दोष) fault, anudarśana (अनुदर्शन) the looking that follows it. |
The phrases
indriyārtheṣu vairāgyam (इन्द्रियार्थेषु वैराग्यम्) puts dispassion in a place. The place is the objects of the senses. The locative answers "toward what."
anahaṃkāra eva ca (अनहंकार एव च) is the next quality. And absence of the I-maker. The field's list in 13.6 contained ahaṃkāraḥ (अहंकारः). Knowledge contains the absence of it.
janmamṛtyujarāvyādhiduḥkhadoṣānudarśanam (जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिदुःखदोषानुदर्शनम्) is one long nominative. Seeing, again and again, the fault in the pain that birth, death, old age, and disease carry. दोष + अनुदर्शनम् doṣa + anudarśanam is doṣānudarśanam (दोषानुदर्शनम्): अ + अ a + a becomes ā (आ).
Sanskrit in this line
अनहंकारः + एव anahaṃkāraḥ + eva is recited anahaṃkāra eva (अनहंकार एव). Visarga after a (अ), before a vowel other than a (अ), is dropped, and the a (अ) stays. There is a break, and no r (र्). क्षान्तिः + आर्जवम् kṣāntiḥ + ārjavam in 13.8 became r (र्) because that visarga stood after i (इ).
Say it back
Say where the dispassion sits, and what is seen as a fault. If anahaṃkāraḥ (अनहंकारः) comes out as the I-maker of 13.6, stay here. The a- (अ-) reverses it.