13.8
अमानित्वमदम्भित्वमहिंसा क्षान्तिरार्जवम् ।
आचार्योपासनं शौचं स्थैर्यमात्मविनिग्रहः ॥
amānitvam adambhitvam ahiṃsā kṣāntir ārjavam
ācāryopāsanaṃ śaucaṃ sthairyam ātmavinigrahaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The verse has no finite verb. The list of knowledge has started.
The verse
Humility, absence of display, non-harm, patience, straightness, service of the teacher, purity, steadiness, and restraint of oneself.
नेपालीमा
नम्रता, देखावट नहुनु, अहिंसा, क्षमा, सरलता, आचार्यको सेवा, शुद्धता, स्थिरता र आफूलाई वशमा राख्नु।
Where it sits
jñānam (ज्ञानम्), one of the six words Arjuna (अर्जुन) asked for, arrives here as a list of qualities, and the list runs through 13.12, where he will say that this is called knowledge.
Split: अमानित्वम् + अदम्भित्वम् + अहिंसा + क्षान्तिः + आर्जवम् + आचार्य-उपासनम् + शौचम् + स्थैर्यम् + आत्म-विनिग्रहः
amānitvam + adambhitvam + ahiṃsā + kṣāntiḥ + ārjavam + ācārya-upāsanam + śaucam + sthairyam + ātma-vinigrahaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अमानित्वम् | amānitvam | nominative singular | the state of not looking for honor. māna (मान) is honor, the demand to be valued. |
| अदम्भित्वम् | adambhitvam | nominative singular | the state of not putting on a display. dambha (दम्भ) is show, a virtue performed for an audience. |
| अहिंसा | ahiṃsā | nominative singular | non-harm. hiṃsā (हिंसा) is injuring. |
| क्षान्तिः | kṣāntiḥ | nominative singular | patience. Forbearance. Recited kṣāntir (क्षान्तिर्). |
| आर्जवम् | ārjavam | nominative singular | straightness. From ṛju (ऋजु), "straight." |
| आचार्य-उपासनम् | ācārya-upāsanam | nominative singular | sitting near the teacher. Service of the ācārya (आचार्य). Recited ācāryopāsanam (आचार्योपासनम्). |
| शौचम् | śaucam | nominative singular | purity. Cleanliness of body and of dealing. |
| स्थैर्यम् | sthairyam | nominative singular | steadiness. From sthira (स्थिर), "firm." |
| आत्म-विनिग्रहः | ātma-vinigrahaḥ | nominative singular | restraint of oneself. vinigraha (विनिग्रह) is holding back. |
The phrases
अमानित्वम् अदम्भित्वम् अहिंसा amānitvam adambhitvam ahiṃsā opens the list with three absences. No hunger for honor, no display, no harm. अमानित्वम् + अदम्भित्वम् amānitvam + adambhitvam is recited amānitvam adambhitvam (अमानित्वमदम्भित्वम्), and that joins ahiṃsā (अहिंसा) the same way.
kṣāntiḥ ārjavam (क्षान्तिः आर्जवम्) is patience and straightness. क्षान्तिः + आर्जवम् kṣāntiḥ + ārjavam is kṣāntir ārjavam (क्षान्तिरार्जवम्).
आचार्योपासनं शौचं स्थैर्यम् आत्मविनिग्रहः ācāryopāsanaṃ śaucaṃ sthairyam ātmavinigrahaḥ is the conduct toward the teacher and toward oneself. Service of the teacher, purity, steadiness, restraint. आ + उ ā + u inside आचार्य + उपासनम् ācārya + upāsanam becomes o (ओ).
Sanskrit in this line
--tva (त्व) makes an abstract noun, "the state of." mānin (मानिन्) is "one who looks for honor." amānitvam (अमानित्वम्) is the state of not being that person. adambhitvam (अदम्भित्वम्) is built the same way. The a- (अ-) at the front is the negative prefix.
Say it back
Say the qualities, not a creed. If amānitvam (अमानित्वम्) comes out as a proposition to be believed, stay here.