13.22
पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान् ।
कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु ॥
puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijān guṇān
kāraṇaṃ guṇasaṅgo 'sya sadasadyonijanmasu
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
The person, standing in nature, experiences the guṇas (गुण) born of nature, and his clinging to the guṇas (गुण) is the cause in births in good and bad wombs.
नेपालीमा
पुरुष प्रकृतिमा उभिएर प्रकृतिबाट जन्मेका गुण भोग्छ, र गुणप्रति उसको आसक्ति राम्रो र नराम्रो योनिमा जन्मको कारण हो।
Where it sits
The person of 13.21 stands in nature while he experiences her guṇa (गुण)s, and his clinging to them is the cause of the next birth, before 13.23 names a higher person in the same body.
Split: पुरुषः + प्रकृति-स्थः + हि + भुङ्क्ते + प्रकृति-जान् + गुणान् + कारणम् + गुण-सङ्गः + अस्य + सत्-असत्-योनि-जन्मसु
puruṣaḥ + prakṛti-sthaḥ + hi + bhuṅkte + prakṛti-jān + guṇān + kāraṇam + guṇa-saṅgaḥ + asya + sat-asat-yoni-janmasu
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| पुरुषः | puruṣaḥ | nominative singular | the person. |
| प्रकृति-स्थः | prakṛti-sthaḥ | nominative singular | standing in nature. Recited prakṛtistho (प्रकृतिस्थो) before hi (हि). |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. Indeed. |
| भुङ्क्ते | bhuṅkte | present, 3rd singular middle of bhuj (भुज्) | he experiences. He enjoys. |
| प्रकृति-जान् | prakṛti-jān | accusative plural | born of nature. Agrees with guṇān (गुणान्). |
| गुणान् | guṇān | accusative plural | the guṇa (गुण)s. |
| कारणम् | kāraṇam | nominative singular | the cause. |
| गुण-सङ्गः | guṇa-saṅgaḥ | nominative singular | clinging to the guṇa (गुण)s. Contact with them. Recited guṇasaṅgo (गुणसङ्गो). |
| अस्य | asya | genitive singular | his. Of this person. |
| सत्-असत्-योनि-जन्मसु | sat-asat-yoni-janmasu | locative plural | in births in good and bad wombs. sat (सत्) good, asat (असत्) bad, yoni (योनि) womb, janma (जन्म) birth. Recited sadasadyonijanmasu (सदसद्योनिजन्मसु). |
The phrases
puruṣaḥ prakṛtisthaḥ hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijān guṇān (पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थः हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान् गुणान्) places him. The person, standing in nature, experiences the guṇa (गुण)s born of nature. प्रकृतिस्थः + हि prakṛtisthaḥ + hi is prakṛtistho hi (प्रकृतिस्थो हि).
kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgaḥ asya (कारणं गुणसङ्गः अस्य) names the cause of the next birth. His clinging to the guṇa (गुण)s. गुणसङ्गः + अस्य guṇasaṅgaḥ + asya is guṇasaṅgo 'sya (गुणसङ्गोऽस्य).
sadasadyonijanmasu (सदसद्योनिजन्मसु) is where that cause works. In births whose wombs are good and bad. The locative answers "in which births."
Sanskrit in this line
गुण-सङ्गः + अस्य guṇa-saṅgaḥ + asya is guṇasaṅgo 'sya (गुणसङ्गोऽस्य). aḥ (अः) meets a (अ): the join is o (ओ), and the dropped a (अ) of asya (अस्य) is written ऽ. Read guṇasaṅgo 'sya (गुणसङ्गोऽस्य).
सत् + असत् sat + asat is sadasat (सदसत्). A final t (त्) before a vowel becomes d (द्), and the two a (अ) sounds become ā (आ).
Say it back
Say where the person stands, and what his clinging causes. If guṇasaṅgaḥ (गुणसङ्गः) comes out as nature herself, stay here. The cause is the clinging.