13.24
य एवं वेत्ति पुरुषं प्रकृतिं च गुणैः सह ।
सर्वथा वर्तमानोऽपि न स भूयोऽभिजायते ॥
ya evaṃ vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha
sarvathā vartamāno 'pi na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Who knows the person thus, and nature together with the guṇas (गुण), he is not born again, even though he lives in every way.
नेपालीमा
जसले पुरुषलाई यसरी जान्छ, र गुणसहित प्रकृतिलाई पनि, ऊ हरेक किसिमले बसे पनि फेरि जन्मँदैन।
Where it sits
Knowing the pair from 13.20, in the way 13.21 through 13.23 set them, ends rebirth while he is still living, and 13.25 and 13.26 name the roads to that seeing.
Split: यः + एवम् + वेत्ति + पुरुषम् + प्रकृतिम् + च + गुणैः + सह + सर्वथा + वर्तमानः + अपि + न + सः + भूयः + अभिजायते
yaḥ + evam + vetti + puruṣam + prakṛtim + ca + guṇaiḥ + saha + sarvathā + vartamānaḥ + api + na + saḥ + bhūyaḥ + abhijāyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. Recited ya (य) before evam (एवम्). |
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus. In the way just taught. |
| वेत्ति | vetti | present, 3rd singular | knows. |
| पुरुषम् | puruṣam | accusative singular | the person. |
| प्रकृतिम् | prakṛtim | accusative singular | nature. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| गुणैः | guṇaiḥ | instrumental plural | by the guṇa (गुण)s. With the guṇa (गुण)s. |
| सह | saha | indeclinable | together with. It takes the instrumental. |
| सर्वथा | sarvathā | indeclinable | in every way. |
| वर्तमानः | vartamānaḥ | nominative singular, present participle of vṛt (वृत्) | living. Going on. Recited vartamāno (वर्तमानो). |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | even. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. Recited sa (स). |
| भूयः | bhūyaḥ | indeclinable | again. Recited bhūyo (भूयो). |
| अभिजायते | abhijāyate | present, 3rd singular middle of abhi-jan (अभि-जन्) | is born. |
The phrases
yaḥ evam vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha (यः एवम् वेत्ति पुरुषं प्रकृतिं च गुणैः सह) is the knower. Who knows the person thus, and nature together with the guṇa (गुण)s. evam (एवम्) points back to 13.20 through 13.23. यः + एवम् yaḥ + evam is recited य एवं ya evam.
sarvathā vartamānaḥ api (सर्वथा वर्तमानः अपि) keeps him in the world. Even while he lives in every way. वर्तमानः + अपि vartamānaḥ + api is vartamāno 'pi (वर्तमानोऽपि).
na saḥ bhūyaḥ abhijāyate (न सः भूयः अभिजायते) is the end of rebirth. He is not born again. भूयः + अभिजायते bhūyaḥ + abhijāyate is bhūyo 'bhijāyate (भूयोऽभिजायते).
Sanskrit in this line
वर्तमानः + अपि vartamānaḥ + api is vartamāno 'pi (वर्तमानोऽपि), and भूयः + अभिजायते bhūyaḥ + abhijāyate is bhūyo 'bhijāyate (भूयोऽभिजायते). Both are aḥ (अः) meeting a (अ). The join is o (ओ), and ऽ holds the lost a (अ).
saḥ (सः) before bhūyaḥ (भूयः) is simply sa (स). The pronoun drops its visarga before a consonant and does not become so (सो).
Say it back
Say what he knows, and what does not happen again. If vartamānaḥ (वर्तमानः) comes out as "after he has left the world," stay here. He is living while the birth stops.