13.33
यथा सर्वगतं सौक्ष्म्यादाकाशं नोपलिप्यते ।
सर्वत्रावस्थितो देहे तथात्मा नोपलिप्यते ॥
yathā sarvagataṃ saukṣmyād ākāśaṃ nopalipyate
sarvatrāvasthito dehe tathātmā nopalipyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Just as the sky, gone everywhere, is not stained, because it is subtle, so the self, standing everywhere in the body, is not stained.
नेपालीमा
जसरी आकाश सर्वत्र पुगेर पनि सूक्ष्म भएकाले दाग लाग्दैन, त्यसरी देहमा सर्वत्र उभिएको आत्मामा दाग लाग्दैन।
Where it sits
13.32 said the supreme self is not stained, and the sky, gone everywhere and taking no stain, is the picture, before 13.34 gives the sun as the picture of lighting.
Split: यथा + सर्व-गतम् + सौक्ष्म्यात् + आकाशम् + न + उपलिप्यते + सर्वत्र + अवस्थितः + देहे + तथा + आत्मा + न + उपलिप्यते
yathā + sarva-gatam + saukṣmyāt + ākāśam + na + upalipyate + sarvatra + avasthitaḥ + dehe + tathā + ātmā + na + upalipyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यथा | yathā | indeclinable | just as. |
| सर्व-गतम् | sarva-gatam | nominative singular neuter | gone everywhere. All-pervading. Agrees with ākāśam (आकाशम्). |
| सौक्ष्म्यात् | saukṣmyāt | ablative singular | because of subtlety. saukṣmya (सौक्ष्म्य) is the abstract of sūkṣma (सूक्ष्म). |
| आकाशम् | ākāśam | nominative singular neuter | the sky. Space. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| उपलिप्यते | upalipyate | present passive, 3rd singular of upa-lip (उप-लिप्) | is stained. |
| सर्वत्र | sarvatra | indeclinable | everywhere. |
| अवस्थितः | avasthitaḥ | nominative singular | standing. Dwelling. Recited avasthito (अवस्थितो). |
| देहे | dehe | locative singular | in the body. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | so. |
| आत्मा | ātmā | nominative singular | the self. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| उपलिप्यते | upalipyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is stained. |
The phrases
यथा सर्वगतं सौक्ष्म्यात् आकाशं न उपलिप्यते yathā sarvagataṃ saukṣmyāt ākāśaṃ na upalipyate is the picture. Just as the sky, gone everywhere, is not stained, because it is subtle. सौक्ष्म्यात् + आकाशम् saukṣmyāt + ākāśam is saukṣmyād ākāśam (सौक्ष्म्यादाकाशम्). न + उपलिप्यते na + upalipyate is nopalipyate (नोपलिप्यते).
sarvatra avasthitaḥ dehe tathā ātmā na upalipyate (सर्वत्र अवस्थितः देहे तथा आत्मा न उपलिप्यते) is the match. So the self, standing everywhere in the body, is not stained. सर्वत्र + अवस्थितः sarvatra + avasthitaḥ is sarvatrāvasthitaḥ (सर्वत्रावस्थितः). अवस्थितः + देहे avasthitaḥ + dehe is avasthito dehe (अवस्थितो देहे). तथा + आत्मा tathā + ātmā is tathātmā (तथात्मा). The second na upalipyate (न उपलिप्यते) is the same verb as the sky's.
Sanskrit in this line
न + उपलिप्यते na + upalipyate is nopalipyate (नोपलिप्यते), twice in this verse. अ + उ a + u becomes o (ओ).
saukṣmyāt (सौक्ष्म्यात्) answers "because of," as sūkṣmatvāt (सूक्ष्मत्वात्) did in 13.16 and as the two ablatives in --tvāt (त्वात्) did in 13.32. sarva-gatam (सर्व-गतम्) is neuter, with ākāśam (आकाशम्). avasthitaḥ (अवस्थितः) is masculine, with ātmā (आत्मा). Each participle takes the gender of its own subject.
Say it back
Match the sky to the self. If the sky is the one that gets stained, stay here. Both are na upalipyate (न उपलिप्यते).