14.1
श्रीभगवानुवाच
परं भूयः प्रवक्ष्यामि
ज्ञानानां ज्ञानमुत्तमम् ।
यज्ज्ञात्वा मुनयः सर्वे
परां सिद्धिमितो गताः ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
paraṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi jñānānāṃ jñānam uttamam
yaj jñātvā munayaḥ sarve parāṃ siddhim ito gatāḥ
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking to Arjuna (अर्जुन), and uvāca (उवाच), he said, stands outside the meter.
The verse
श्रीभगवान् said: I shall speak again the supreme knowledge, the highest of knowledges, knowing which all the sages have gone from here to the highest attainment.
नेपालीमा
श्रीभगवान्ले भने, म फेरि सर्वोच्च ज्ञान भन्नेछु, ज्ञानहरूमध्ये सर्वोच्च, जसलाई जानेर सबै मुनि यहाँबाट सर्वोच्च सिद्धिमा गएका छन्।
Where it sits
The last chapter closed the field and the knower. This one opens by calling the next speech a knowledge above other knowledges, and by saying the sages who had it have already left.
Split: परम् + भूयः + प्रवक्ष्यामि + ज्ञानानाम् + ज्ञानम् + उत्तमम् + यत् + ज्ञात्वा + मुनयः + सर्वे + पराम् + सिद्धिम् + इतः + गताः
param + bhūyaḥ + pravakṣyāmi + jñānānām + jñānam + uttamam + yat + jñātvā + munayaḥ + sarve + parām + siddhim + itaḥ + gatāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| परम् | param | accusative neuter | supreme. Agrees with jñānam (ज्ञानम्). |
| भूयः | bhūyaḥ | indeclinable | again. |
| प्रवक्ष्यामि | pravakṣyāmi | future, 1st singular | I shall speak. pra (प्र) "forth," vac (वच्) "speak." |
| ज्ञानानाम् | jñānānām | genitive plural | of knowledges. |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | accusative neuter | knowledge. |
| उत्तमम् | uttamam | accusative neuter | highest. Agrees with jñānam (ज्ञानम्). |
| यत् | yat | accusative neuter | which. The knowledge. |
| ज्ञात्वा | jñātvā | gerund of jñā (ज्ञा) | having known. |
| मुनयः | munayaḥ | nominative plural | the sages. muni (मुनि) is a sage. |
| सर्वे | sarve | nominative plural | all. Agrees with munayaḥ (मुनयः). |
| पराम् | parām | accusative feminine | highest. Agrees with siddhim (सिद्धिम्). |
| सिद्धिम् | siddhim | accusative feminine | the attainment. Where the knowing arrives. |
| इतः | itaḥ | indeclinable | from here. |
| गताः | gatāḥ | nominative plural | gone. Agrees with munayaḥ (मुनयः). |
The phrases
परं भूयः प्रवक्ष्यामि ज्ञानानां ज्ञानम् उत्तमम् paraṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi jñānānāṃ jñānam uttamam is the promise. He will speak again. What he will speak is knowledge, and it is the highest of knowledges. param (परम्) and uttamam (उत्तमम्) both agree with jñānam (ज्ञानम्). jñānānām (ज्ञानानाम्) is the genitive, "among knowledges."
yat jñātvā munayaḥ sarve (यत् ज्ञात्वा मुनयः सर्वे) names who has already known it. The sages, all of them. jñātvā (ज्ञात्वा) is "having known," and the person of that "having" is munayaḥ (मुनयः).
परां सिद्धिम् इतः गताः parāṃ siddhim itaḥ gatāḥ is where they went. From here, to the highest attainment. gatāḥ (गताः) agrees with the sages. The attainment is feminine, so the adjective is parām (पराम्), not param (परम्).
Sanskrit in this line
यत् + ज्ञात्वा yat + jñātvā is recited yaj jñātvā (यज्ज्ञात्वा). t (त्) before the j (ज्) of jñ (ज्ञ्) becomes j (ज्), so the two consonants meet as jjñ (ज्ज्ञ्). The word is still yat (यत्), "which." A reciter who hears yaj (यज्) as a separate word has lost the relative, and jñātvā (ज्ञात्वा) no longer has anything to point at.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he will speak, and where the sages have gone. If uttamam (उत्तमम्) is said of the sages, stay here. The knowledge is what is highest.