14.6
तत्र सत्त्वं निर्मलत्वात्
प्रकाशकमनामयम् ।
सुखसङ्गेन बध्नाति
ज्ञानसङ्गेन चानघ ॥
tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt prakāśakam anāmayam
sukhasaṅgena badhnāti jñānasaṅgena cānagha
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Among them, sattva (सत्त्व), because it is without stain, makes light and is untroubled, and it binds by clinging to happiness and by clinging to knowledge, faultless one.
नेपालीमा
तिनीहरूमध्ये सत्त्व, दाग नभएकाले, उज्यालो पार्छ र कष्टरहित छ, र त्यो सुखको आसक्तिले र ज्ञानको आसक्तिले बाँध्छ, हे निर्दोष।
Where it sits
14.5 said the three bind, and this is the first of them: sattva (सत्त्व) fastens a person to happiness and to knowledge.
Split: तत्र + सत्त्वम् + निर्मलत्वात् + प्रकाशकम् + अनामयम् + सुख-सङ्गेन + बध्नाति + ज्ञान-सङ्गेन + च + अनघ
tatra + sattvam + nirmalatvāt + prakāśakam + anāmayam + sukha-saṅgena + badhnāti + jñāna-saṅgena + ca + anagha
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तत्र | tatra | indeclinable | among them. Among the three. |
| सत्त्वम् | sattvam | nominative neuter | sattva (सत्त्व). |
| निर्मलत्वात् | nirmalatvāt | ablative singular | from being without stain. nirmala (निर्मल) is stainless. --tva (त्व) makes it a state. |
| प्रकाशकम् | prakāśakam | nominative neuter | light-making. Agrees with sattvam (सत्त्वम्). |
| अनामयम् | anāmayam | nominative neuter | untroubled. āmaya (आमय) is disease. a- (अ-) takes it away. Agrees with sattvam (सत्त्वम्). |
| सुख-सङ्गेन | sukha-saṅgena | instrumental singular | by clinging to happiness. saṅga (सङ्ग) is clinging. |
| बध्नाति | badhnāti | present, 3rd singular | it binds. bandh (बन्ध्). |
| ज्ञान-सङ्गेन | jñāna-saṅgena | instrumental singular | by clinging to knowledge. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अनघ | anagha | vocative | faultless one. agha (अघ) is fault. |
The phrases
तत्र सत्त्वं निर्मलत्वात् प्रकाशकम् अनामयम् tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt prakāśakam anāmayam says what sattva (सत्त्व) is like, before it says how it binds. Because it is without stain, it makes light, and it is untroubled. Both adjectives agree with sattvam (सत्त्वम्).
sukha-saṅgena badhnāti jñāna-saṅgena ca (सुख-सङ्गेन बध्नाति ज्ञान-सङ्गेन च) is the binding. Two instrumentals, one verb. It binds by clinging to happiness, and by clinging to knowledge. The clear strand binds too. anagha (अनघ) calls him.
Sanskrit in this line
nirmalatvāt (निर्मलत्वात्) is an ablative of cause. It answers "because of what." The --tva (त्व) makes a noun, "stainless-ness," the state of being without stain. The --āt (आत्) is "from." From that state, sattva (सत्त्व) is light-making and untroubled. It is not the "than" of a comparison, and it is not the place.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the two things sattva (सत्त्व) binds by. If jñāna-saṅgena (ज्ञान-सङ्गेन) is moved onto tamas (तमस्), stay here.