14.7
रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि
तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् ।
तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय
कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम् ॥
rajo rāgātmakaṃ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅgasamudbhavam
tan nibadhnāti kaunteya karmasaṅgena dehinam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Know rajas (रजस्), son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), as passion in its nature and as the rising of thirst and clinging; it binds the embodied one by clinging to action.
नेपालीमा
रजस्लाई, हे कुन्तीका छोरा, स्वभावले राग र तृष्णा तथा आसक्तिको उदय हो भनेर जान, त्यो कर्मको आसक्तिले देहीलाई बाँध्छ।
Where it sits
sattva (सत्त्व) bound by happiness and knowledge, and rajas (रजस्) is the next strand, with thirst, clinging, and action as its hold.
Split: रजः + राग-आत्मकम् + विद्धि + तृष्णा-सङ्ग-समुद्भवम् + तत् + निबध्नाति + कौन्तेय + कर्म-सङ्गेन + देहिनम्
rajaḥ + rāga-ātmakam + viddhi + tṛṣṇā-saṅga-samudbhavam + tat + nibadhnāti + kaunteya + karma-saṅgena + dehinam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| रजः | rajaḥ | accusative neuter | rajas (रजस्). The thing he is told to know. |
| राग-आत्मकम् | rāga-ātmakam | accusative neuter | whose nature is passion. rāga (राग) is the coloring, the pull. ātman (आत्मन्) with --ka (क) is "having as its nature." |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular | know. vid (विद्). |
| तृष्णा-सङ्ग-समुद्भवम् | tṛṣṇā-saṅga-samudbhavam | accusative neuter | the rising of thirst and clinging. samudbhava (समुद्भव) is a rising up. Agrees with rajaḥ (रजः). |
| तत् | tat | nominative neuter | that. rajas (रजस्). |
| निबध्नाति | nibadhnāti | present, 3rd singular | it binds. |
| कौन्तेय | kaunteya | vocative | son of Kuntī (कुन्ती). |
| कर्म-सङ्गेन | karma-saṅgena | instrumental singular | by clinging to action. |
| देहिनम् | dehinam | accusative singular | the embodied one. |
The phrases
rajaḥ rāga-ātmakaṃ viddhi tṛṣṇā-saṅga-samudbhavam (रजः राग-आत्मकं विद्धि तृष्णा-सङ्ग-समुद्भवम्) is the command. Know rajas (रजस्) as two things: its nature is passion, and it is the rising of thirst and of clinging. Both accusatives agree with rajaḥ (रजः).
tat nibadhnāti kaunteya karma-saṅgena dehinam (तत् निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्म-सङ्गेन देहिनम्) is the bind, once he knows what it is. That strand binds the embodied one by clinging to action. tat (तत्) is rajas (रजस्). The object is dehinam (देहिनम्), the same man as in 14.5.
Sanskrit in this line
रजः + रागात्मकम् rajaḥ + rāgātmakam is recited rajo rāgātmakam (रजो रागात्मकम्). aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant becomes o (ओ). Then तत् + निबध्नाति tat + nibadhnāti is tan nibadhnāti (तन्निबध्नाति): t (त्) before n (न्) becomes n (न्). The small word tat (तत्), "that," is hidden in the double n (न्). If it drops out, nibadhnāti (निबध्नाति) has no subject.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what rajas (रजस्) is, then what it binds by. If karma-saṅgena (कर्म-सङ्गेन) is said of sattva (सत्त्व), stay here.