14.9
सत्त्वं सुखे सञ्जयति
रजः कर्मणि भारत ।
ज्ञानमावृत्य तु तमः
प्रमादे सञ्जयत्युत ॥
sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi bhārata
jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde sañjayaty uta
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
sattva (सत्त्व) fastens one to happiness, and rajas (रजस्) to action, Bhārata (भारत); and tamas (तमस्), having covered knowledge, fastens one to negligence.
नेपालीमा
सत्त्वले मानिसलाई सुखमा बाँध्छ, र रजस्ले कर्ममा, हे भारत, अनि तमस्ले ज्ञान ढाकेर प्रमादमा बाँध्छ।
Where it sits
14.6 through 14.8 gave each strand its own verse. This one lines the three fastenings up, and it is the first time tamas (तमस्) is said to cover knowledge before it binds.
Split: सत्त्वम् + सुखे + सञ्जयति + रजः + कर्मणि + भारत + ज्ञानम् + आवृत्य + तु + तमः + प्रमादे + सञ्जयति + उत
sattvam + sukhe + sañjayati + rajaḥ + karmaṇi + bhārata + jñānam + āvṛtya + tu + tamaḥ + pramāde + sañjayati + uta
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सत्त्वम् | sattvam | nominative neuter | sattva (सत्त्व). |
| सुखे | sukhe | locative singular | to happiness. |
| सञ्जयति | sañjayati | present causative, 3rd singular | it makes one cling. Causative of sañj (सञ्ज्), "cling." |
| रजः | rajaḥ | nominative neuter | rajas (रजस्). |
| कर्मणि | karmaṇi | locative singular | to action. |
| भारत | bhārata | vocative | Bhārata (भारत). |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | accusative neuter | knowledge. |
| आवृत्य | āvṛtya | gerund | having covered. ā-vṛ (आ-वृ). |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| तमः | tamaḥ | nominative neuter | tamas (तमस्). |
| प्रमादे | pramāde | locative singular | to negligence. |
| सञ्जयति | sañjayati | present causative, 3rd singular | it makes one cling. |
| उत | uta | indeclinable | and, also. |
The phrases
sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi (सत्त्वं सुखे सञ्जयति रजः कर्मणि) sets the first two side by side. sattva (सत्त्व) fastens a person to happiness. rajas (रजस्) fastens him to action. One verb, said with the first, is heard again with the second. bhārata (भारत) calls him between the two.
ज्ञानम् आवृत्य तु तमः प्रमादे सञ्जयति उत jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde sañjayati uta is the third, and it adds a step the others did not have. tamas (तमस्) first covers knowledge, and then fastens him to negligence. āvṛtya (आवृत्य) is finished before sañjayati (सञ्जयति) happens.
Sanskrit in this line
sukhe (सुखे), karmaṇi (कर्मणि), and pramāde (प्रमादे) are three locatives with one kind of verb. sañjayati (सञ्जयति) means "makes one cling," and the locative answers "to what." Happiness, action, negligence. They are not locatives of place, and they are not a locative absolute. The person is fastened onto the thing named in the locative.
Say it back
Cover the English. Give the three locatives in order. If pramāde (प्रमादे) is said before āvṛtya (आवृत्य), the covering has been skipped. Stay here.